{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415063549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2025.3613791","title":"Feature Enhancement Module Based on Class-Centric Loss for Fine-Grained Visual Classification","display_name":"Feature Enhancement Module Based on Class-Centric Loss for Fine-Grained Visual Classification","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415063549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2025.3613791","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41066283"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2025.3613791","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2025.3613791","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Daohui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8123-1367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daohui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, School of Communication and Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8123-1367","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, School of Communication and Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"He Xinyu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3265-8837"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He Xinyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, School of Communication and Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3265-8837","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, School of Communication and Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075220317","display_name":"Shujing Lyu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2623-1379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shujing Lyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, School of Communication and Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2623-1379","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, School of Communication and Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wei Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2214-5417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, School of Communication and Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2214-5417","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, School of Communication and Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101615349","display_name":"Yue Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8784-4657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, School of Communication and Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8784-4657","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, School of Communication and Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8823,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78772734,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"2","first_page":"893","last_page":"906"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9326000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9326000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9265000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9165999889373779,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.7468000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6003999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5873000025749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5471000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.47870001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.46880000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lock","display_name":"Lock (firearm)","score":0.38589999079704285}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7893000245094299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.7468000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.704200029373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6003999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5873000025749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5471000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.47870001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.46880000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.46810001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174839445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134386","display_name":"Lock (firearm)","level":2,"score":0.38589999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.37119999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.3133000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88796919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142907","display_name":"Backbone network","level":2,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779463800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062222","display_name":"Center (category theory)","level":2,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101814296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5439685","display_name":"Feature model","level":3,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.257999986410141}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2025.3613791","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2025.3613791","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41066283","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41066283","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W56385144","https://openalex.org/W1954152232","https://openalex.org/W1955942245","https://openalex.org/W2036887984","https://openalex.org/W2076434944","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2104657103","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2138011018","https://openalex.org/W2146950091","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2202499615","https://openalex.org/W2462457117","https://openalex.org/W2520774990","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2773003563","https://openalex.org/W2804045122","https://openalex.org/W2891951760","https://openalex.org/W2961018736","https://openalex.org/W2962898354","https://openalex.org/W2963430102","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2969985801","https://openalex.org/W2986821660","https://openalex.org/W2998619563","https://openalex.org/W3005359536","https://openalex.org/W3009073662","https://openalex.org/W3094179451","https://openalex.org/W3108870912","https://openalex.org/W3118530108","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3139434170","https://openalex.org/W3142837074","https://openalex.org/W3195399086","https://openalex.org/W3206734547","https://openalex.org/W3214570998","https://openalex.org/W4295901483","https://openalex.org/W4304084267","https://openalex.org/W4308737504","https://openalex.org/W4309655118","https://openalex.org/W4312359177","https://openalex.org/W4312361652","https://openalex.org/W4321021073","https://openalex.org/W4321780048","https://openalex.org/W4328101918","https://openalex.org/W4362500639","https://openalex.org/W4390661786","https://openalex.org/W4392208008","https://openalex.org/W4392910577","https://openalex.org/W4404843968","https://openalex.org/W4406089980","https://openalex.org/W4406857259","https://openalex.org/W4406890407","https://openalex.org/W4408100729","https://openalex.org/W4411244874","https://openalex.org/W4412989786"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,51,142],"propose":[1],"a":[2,40,53],"novel":[3],"feature":[4,36,49],"enhancement":[5],"module":[6,33],"designed":[7],"for":[8],"fine-grained":[9,48],"visual":[10],"classification":[11],"tasks,":[12],"which":[13],"can":[14],"be":[15],"seamlessly":[16],"integrated":[17],"into":[18],"various":[19,117],"backbone":[20,119],"architectures,":[21,120],"including":[22],"both":[23],"convolutional":[24],"neural":[25],"network":[26],"(CNN)-based":[27],"and":[28,38,124,136,148],"Transformer-based":[29],"networks.":[30],"The":[31],"plug-and-play":[32],"outputs":[34],"pixel-level":[35],"maps":[37],"performs":[39],"weighted":[41],"fusion":[42],"of":[43,61,74,86],"filtered":[44],"features":[45],"to":[46,97,105],"enhance":[47],"representation.":[50],"introduce":[52],"class-centric":[54],"loss":[55],"function":[56],"that":[57],"optimizes":[58],"the":[59,72,75,84,87,101,129,133],"alignment":[60],"samples":[62],"with":[63],"their":[64],"target":[65,76],"class":[66,77],"centers":[67],"by":[68],"pulling":[69],"them":[70,81],"toward":[71],"center":[73,85],"while":[78],"simultaneously":[79],"pushing":[80],"away":[82],"from":[83],"most":[88],"visually":[89],"similar":[90],"nontarget":[91],"classes.":[92],"Soft":[93],"labels":[94],"are":[95],"employed":[96],"mitigate":[98],"overfitting,":[99],"ensuring":[100],"model":[102,150],"generalizes":[103],"well":[104],"unseen":[106],"examples.":[107],"Our":[108],"approach":[109],"consistently":[110],"delivers":[111],"significant":[112],"improvements":[113],"in":[114],"accuracy":[115,131],"across":[116],"mainstream":[118],"underscoring":[121],"its":[122],"versatility":[123],"robustness.":[125],"Furthermore,":[126],"we":[127],"achieved":[128],"highest":[130],"on":[132,151],"NABirds":[134],"(NAB)":[135],"our":[137,145],"proprietary":[138],"lock":[139],"cylinder":[140],"datasets.":[141],"have":[143],"released":[144],"source":[146],"code":[147],"pretrained":[149],"GitHub:":[152],"https://github.com/Richard5413/FEM-CC.git.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-11T00:00:00"}
