{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414856420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2025.3613354","title":"Three-Dimensional Multiobject Tracking Based on Voxel Masking Encoder and Deep Hashing Paradigm","display_name":"Three-Dimensional Multiobject Tracking Based on Voxel Masking Encoder and Deep Hashing Paradigm","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414856420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2025.3613354","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41052181"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2025.3613354","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2025.3613354","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061546638","display_name":"Saiyu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7897-5559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143413998","display_name":"Qingdao University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/041j8js14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143413998"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Saiyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Data Science, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Data Science, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143413998"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100430415","display_name":"Zhong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7483-9699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110378019","display_name":"Southern Illinois University Carbondale","ror":"https://ror.org/049kefs16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110378019","https://openalex.org/I2801502357"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110378019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100627143","display_name":"Hui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8533-2084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143413998","display_name":"Qingdao University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/041j8js14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143413998"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Data Science, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Data Science, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143413998"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074918980","display_name":"Ye Tao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5470-9451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143413998","display_name":"Qingdao University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/041j8js14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143413998"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Data Science, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Data Science, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143413998"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010341622","display_name":"Ying Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3024-6963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143413998","display_name":"Qingdao University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/041j8js14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143413998"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Data Science, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Data Science, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143413998"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100411409","display_name":"Jun Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2099-7162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143413998","display_name":"Qingdao University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/041j8js14","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143413998"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Data Science, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Data Science, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143413998"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061546638"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143413998"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.28923045,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"2","first_page":"864","last_page":"877"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9670000076293945,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9670000076293945,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.9341999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.6823999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/masking","display_name":"Masking (illustration)","score":0.6047000288963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hamming-distance","display_name":"Hamming distance","score":0.546500027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voxel","display_name":"Voxel","score":0.542900025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.5356000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5218999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.49869999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.49390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.48539999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4627000093460083}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6952000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.6823999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777402240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6783436","display_name":"Masking (illustration)","level":2,"score":0.6047000288963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5626999735832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193319292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272172","display_name":"Hamming distance","level":2,"score":0.546500027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54170458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663554","display_name":"Voxel","level":2,"score":0.542900025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.5356000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5218999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.49869999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.49390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.48539999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4627000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4562000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.44119998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3937000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.385699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.3747999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.36410000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.35440000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.349700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.33640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.2985999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983787585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93586","display_name":"Feature matching","level":3,"score":0.27970001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2606000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.2596000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.2581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.2549000084400177}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2025.3613354","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2025.3613354","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41052181","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41052181","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2115579991","https://openalex.org/W2124781496","https://openalex.org/W2131396337","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2897529137","https://openalex.org/W2963182550","https://openalex.org/W2963727135","https://openalex.org/W2964019074","https://openalex.org/W2964700089","https://openalex.org/W2971306974","https://openalex.org/W2983227562","https://openalex.org/W3034782805","https://openalex.org/W3035574168","https://openalex.org/W3086436251","https://openalex.org/W3118341329","https://openalex.org/W3130890398","https://openalex.org/W3132607695","https://openalex.org/W3181852566","https://openalex.org/W3188754867","https://openalex.org/W3190141195","https://openalex.org/W3203461896","https://openalex.org/W3206199195","https://openalex.org/W3206335707","https://openalex.org/W3217335336","https://openalex.org/W4221145330","https://openalex.org/W4221167453","https://openalex.org/W4308871936","https://openalex.org/W4313117614","https://openalex.org/W4313168910","https://openalex.org/W4319299988","https://openalex.org/W4382203297","https://openalex.org/W4383066393","https://openalex.org/W4383108608","https://openalex.org/W4385804876","https://openalex.org/W4386075680","https://openalex.org/W4386075736","https://openalex.org/W4386075854","https://openalex.org/W4386076066","https://openalex.org/W4386076204","https://openalex.org/W4386076253","https://openalex.org/W4386083121","https://openalex.org/W4386243204","https://openalex.org/W4388162585","https://openalex.org/W4389665756","https://openalex.org/W4390191907","https://openalex.org/W4390331683","https://openalex.org/W4390872840","https://openalex.org/W4390872843","https://openalex.org/W4391097242","https://openalex.org/W4393346468","https://openalex.org/W4394977084","https://openalex.org/W4396680601","https://openalex.org/W4403936872","https://openalex.org/W4404293829","https://openalex.org/W4404387165","https://openalex.org/W4413371404"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,122],"autonomous":[1],"driving,":[2],"accurate":[3],"3-D":[4,49],"multiobject":[5],"tracking":[6,165,172],"(MOT)":[7],"plays":[8],"a":[9,48,54,60,67,126,141],"key":[10],"role":[11],"in":[12,171],"ensuring":[13],"vehicle":[14],"safety.":[15],"However,":[16],"due":[17],"to":[18,76,94,139],"the":[19,22,105,156],"complexity":[20],"of":[21],"environment,":[23],"existing":[24],"methods":[25,170],"still":[26],"face":[27],"many":[28],"challenges":[29],"when":[30],"dealing":[31],"with":[32],"long-distance":[33],"objects,":[34],"partial":[35],"occlusions,":[36],"and":[37,59,99,116,136,147],"interference":[38],"from":[39,74,104,152],"similar":[40],"categories.":[41],"To":[42],"tackle":[43],"these":[44],"challenges,":[45],"we":[46,124],"propose":[47,125],"MOT":[50],"framework":[51,162],"based":[52],"on":[53,155],"voxel":[55,72],"masking":[56,68],"encoder":[57],"(VME)":[58],"deep":[61],"hashing":[62],"paradigm":[63],"(DHP).":[64],"We":[65],"introduce":[66],"strategy":[69],"that":[70,132,160],"processes":[71],"features":[73],"near":[75],"far":[77],"while":[78],"maintaining":[79],"feature":[80],"sparsity,":[81],"effectively":[82,111],"capturing":[83],"global":[84],"contextual":[85],"information":[86],"between":[87,113],"spatial":[88,137],"features.":[89],"Simultaneously,":[90],"DHP":[91],"is":[92,176],"utilized":[93],"generate":[95],"image":[96],"hash":[97,107],"codes":[98],"compute":[100],"their":[101],"hamming":[102],"distance":[103,127],"category":[106],"codes.":[108],"This":[109],"process":[110],"distinguishes":[112],"object":[114,120,149],"categories":[115],"thus":[117],"avoids":[118],"cross-category":[119],"dissociation.":[121],"addition,":[123],"optimization":[128],"matching":[129],"(DOM)":[130],"method":[131],"uses":[133],"geometric":[134],"dimensions":[135],"distances":[138],"build":[140],"cost":[142],"matrix,":[143],"achieving":[144],"more":[145],"efficient":[146],"precise":[148],"associations.":[150],"Results":[151],"experiments":[153],"conducted":[154],"KITTI":[157],"dataset":[158],"reveal":[159],"our":[161],"delivers":[163],"outstanding":[164],"performance,":[166],"surpassing":[167],"other":[168],"advanced":[169],"accuracy.":[173],"The":[174],"code":[175],"released":[177],"at":[178],"https://github.com/lsy-collab/VD-MOT.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}