{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413967215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2025.3600252","title":"Privacy-Preserving Video Anomaly Detection: A Survey","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Video Anomaly Detection: A Survey","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413967215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2025.3600252","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40902045"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2025.3600252","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2025.3600252","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100355803","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1312-0146"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1312-0146","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091016502","display_name":"Siao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4285-3573"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Future Science and Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4285-3573","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Future Science and Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100685782","display_name":"Xiaoguang Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9554-2133"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoguang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["DataLab: Data Science and Informatics, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9554-2133","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DataLab: Data Science and Informatics, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090606999","display_name":"Hao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3231-5475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligent Robotics and Advanced Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3231-5475","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligent Robotics and Advanced Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102912560","display_name":"Jielin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7728-2461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jielin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7728-2461","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119532138","display_name":"Juncen Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juncen Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligent Robotics and Advanced Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0345-1787","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligent Robotics and Advanced Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109819235","display_name":"Liangyu Teng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liangyu Teng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligent Robotics and Advanced Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3166-4977","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligent Robotics and Advanced Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064280715","display_name":"Dingkang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1829-5671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dingkang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligent Robotics and Advanced Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1829-5671","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligent Robotics and Advanced Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035140547","display_name":"Yan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4953-2660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Data Science and Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4953-2660","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Data Science and Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100374987","display_name":"Jing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2819-0200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Future Information Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2819-0200","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Future Information Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100355803"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.8663,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98086152,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"1","first_page":"2","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.7205891013145447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.5397082567214966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5291633605957031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.19634348154067993}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.7205891013145447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5397082567214966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5291633605957031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.19634348154067993}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2025.3600252","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2025.3600252","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40902045","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40902045","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2283240219","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023M730647","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5423234558","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62406075","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5603570958","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IT44479","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7723415137","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023TQ0075","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":146,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W764651262","https://openalex.org/W1522734439","https://openalex.org/W1967456674","https://openalex.org/W1967815760","https://openalex.org/W1981470744","https://openalex.org/W1990024502","https://openalex.org/W1991597092","https://openalex.org/W2001877080","https://openalex.org/W2043292349","https://openalex.org/W2101557488","https://openalex.org/W2140199336","https://openalex.org/W2149021215","https://openalex.org/W2163612318","https://openalex.org/W2164261375","https://openalex.org/W2341058432","https://openalex.org/W2507009361","https://openalex.org/W2560474170","https://openalex.org/W2665124875","https://openalex.org/W2809795042","https://openalex.org/W2891130433","https://openalex.org/W2910421740","https://openalex.org/W2913427224","https://openalex.org/W2916798096","https://openalex.org/W2921491036","https://openalex.org/W2921906393","https://openalex.org/W2960737790","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2962954622","https://openalex.org/W2963070890","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963524571","https://openalex.org/W2963610939","https://openalex.org/W2963795951","https://openalex.org/W2980979995","https://openalex.org/W2987228832","https://openalex.org/W2989705574","https://openalex.org/W2997867965","https://openalex.org/W3009131247","https://openalex.org/W3015495912","https://openalex.org/W3015608037","https://openalex.org/W3016705886","https://openalex.org/W3019986760","https://openalex.org/W3023481443","https://openalex.org/W3024312292","https://openalex.org/W3034671389","https://openalex.org/W3035699237","https://openalex.org/W3037951940","https://openalex.org/W3040266635","https://openalex.org/W3040838455","https://openalex.org/W3089682612","https://openalex.org/W3107664750","https://openalex.org/W3108027406","https://openalex.org/W3109723795","https://openalex.org/W3120512958","https://openalex.org/W3128635849","https://openalex.org/W3132455321","https://openalex.org/W3136793533","https://openalex.org/W3143349924","https://openalex.org/W3168600998","https://openalex.org/W3173743304","https://openalex.org/W3177187266","https://openalex.org/W3190318906","https://openalex.org/W3210077819","https://openalex.org/W3212899624","https://openalex.org/W3214544398","https://openalex.org/W4200477908","https://openalex.org/W4200629080","https://openalex.org/W4210598935","https://openalex.org/W4220900860","https://openalex.org/W4221002311","https://openalex.org/W4224932104","https://openalex.org/W4225274086","https://openalex.org/W4225280406","https://openalex.org/W4225624178","https://openalex.org/W4226318023","https://openalex.org/W4229646440","https://openalex.org/W4234049788","https://openalex.org/W4282981352","https://openalex.org/W4285134793","https://openalex.org/W4285201922","https://openalex.org/W4292827658","https://openalex.org/W4293317991","https://openalex.org/W4293518753","https://openalex.org/W4302793256","https://openalex.org/W4309080560","https://openalex.org/W4309880619","https://openalex.org/W4309995326","https://openalex.org/W4312538293","https://openalex.org/W4312554543","https://openalex.org/W4312799843","https://openalex.org/W4312889062","https://openalex.org/W4313067886","https://openalex.org/W4313291134","https://openalex.org/W4316259280","https://openalex.org/W4320015772","https://openalex.org/W4360770727","https://openalex.org/W4361216056","https://openalex.org/W4361982693","https://openalex.org/W4372259841","https://openalex.org/W4372342566","https://openalex.org/W4377093141","https://openalex.org/W4379881389","https://openalex.org/W4382460182","https://openalex.org/W4385486148","https://openalex.org/W4385496637","https://openalex.org/W4385815551","https://openalex.org/W4386065503","https://openalex.org/W4386071599","https://openalex.org/W4386075765","https://openalex.org/W4386076087","https://openalex.org/W4386076578","https://openalex.org/W4386799843","https://openalex.org/W4387968140","https://openalex.org/W4389779300","https://openalex.org/W4390520057","https://openalex.org/W4390640588","https://openalex.org/W4390872115","https://openalex.org/W4390873154","https://openalex.org/W4390873805","https://openalex.org/W4391614403","https://openalex.org/W4391897752","https://openalex.org/W4392251861","https://openalex.org/W4392543527","https://openalex.org/W4392908457","https://openalex.org/W4392910542","https://openalex.org/W4393153999","https://openalex.org/W4393970287","https://openalex.org/W4394842465","https://openalex.org/W4395069551","https://openalex.org/W4396951633","https://openalex.org/W4400158940","https://openalex.org/W4400887755","https://openalex.org/W4400910492","https://openalex.org/W4401935126","https://openalex.org/W4402475287","https://openalex.org/W4402753276","https://openalex.org/W4402753378","https://openalex.org/W4402775275","https://openalex.org/W4402916725","https://openalex.org/W4407449099","https://openalex.org/W4409356433","https://openalex.org/W4409363886","https://openalex.org/W4409367055","https://openalex.org/W4409507112","https://openalex.org/W4411113231","https://openalex.org/W7118219849"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,47],"video":[1,54],"anomaly":[2],"detection":[3],"(VAD)":[4],"aims":[5],"to":[6,18,137,178,206],"automatically":[7],"analyze":[8],"spatiotemporal":[9],"patterns":[10],"in":[11,53,78,98,106,211],"surveillance":[12,35],"videos":[13],"collected":[14],"from":[15,84,196],"open":[16,176],"spaces":[17],"detect":[19],"anomalous":[20],"events":[21],"that":[22],"may":[23],"cause":[24],"harm,":[25],"such":[26,37,181],"as":[27,38,182],"fighting,":[28],"stealing,":[29],"and":[30,51,56,63,90,110,124,147,159,169,185,193,202],"car":[31],"accidents.":[32],"However,":[33,102],"vision-based":[34],"systems":[36],"closed-circuit":[39],"television":[40],"(CCTV)":[41],"often":[42],"capture":[43],"personally":[44],"identifiable":[45],"information.":[46],"lack":[48],"of":[49,69,142,162,199],"transparency":[50],"interpretability":[52],"transmission":[55],"usage":[57],"raises":[58],"public":[59],"concerns":[60,77],"about":[61],"privacy":[62,76,122],"ethics,":[64],"limiting":[65],"the":[66,99,103,135,140,154,197,207,212],"real-world":[67],"application":[68],"VAD.":[70],"Recently,":[71],"researchers":[72],"have":[73,113],"focused":[74,115],"on":[75,116],"VAD":[79,94],"by":[80],"conducting":[81],"systematic":[82],"studies":[83],"various":[85,163],"perspectives,":[86],"including":[87],"data,":[88],"features,":[89],"systems,":[91],"making":[92],"privacy-preserving":[93],"(P2VAD)":[95],"a":[96],"hotspot":[97],"AI":[100,200],"community.":[101],"current":[104],"research":[105,179],"P2VAD":[107,203],"is":[108,134],"fragmented,":[109],"prior":[111],"reviews":[112],"mostly":[114],"methods":[117],"using":[118],"RGB":[119],"sequences,":[120],"overlooking":[121],"leakage":[123],"appearance":[125],"bias":[126],"considerations.":[127],"To":[128],"address":[129],"this":[130,132],"gap,":[131],"article":[133],"first":[136],"systematically":[138],"review":[139],"progress":[141],"P2VAD,":[143],"defining":[144],"its":[145],"scope":[146],"providing":[148],"an":[149],"intuitive":[150],"taxonomy.":[151],"We":[152],"outline":[153],"basic":[155],"assumptions,":[156],"learning":[157],"frameworks,":[158],"optimization":[160],"objectives":[161],"approaches,":[164],"analyzing":[165],"their":[166],"strengths,":[167],"weaknesses,":[168],"potential":[170],"correlations.":[171],"In":[172],"addition,":[173],"we":[174,189],"provide":[175],"access":[177],"resources":[180],"benchmark":[183],"datasets":[184],"available":[186],"code.":[187],"Finally,":[188],"discuss":[190],"key":[191],"challenges":[192],"future":[194,209],"opportunities":[195],"perspectives":[198],"development":[201],"deployment,":[204],"aiming":[205],"guide":[208],"work":[210],"field.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-01-10T23:39:48.068659","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
