{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412722232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2025.3591311","title":"Solving Scalable Multiagent Routing Problems With Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Solving Scalable Multiagent Routing Problems With Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412722232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2025.3591311","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40729709"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2025.3591311","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2025.3591311","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030898736","display_name":"Yujiao Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2271-1810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115513","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zzmf129","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115513"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yujiao Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Chang&#x2019;an University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2271-1810","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Chang&#x2019;an University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036266768","display_name":"Yuan Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6509-9297"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6509-9297","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086071901","display_name":"Jinchao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6234-1001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinchao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6234-1001","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100409127","display_name":"Zhihao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9401-6350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Future Network Research Center, Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9401-6350","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Future Network Research Center, Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028320115","display_name":"Qingmin Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9902-7910"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingmin Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Future Network Research Center, Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9902-7910","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Future Network Research Center, Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060499624","display_name":"Yan Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8527-6134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Information Systems Engineering Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8527-6134","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Information Systems Engineering Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.8987,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99474226,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"11","first_page":"19604","last_page":"19618"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10551","display_name":"Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9692999720573425,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10551","display_name":"Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9692999720573425,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9398000240325928,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12203","display_name":"Mobile Agent-Based Network Management","score":0.9229000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8543918132781982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.679137110710144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6496101021766663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5234336853027344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.46667373180389404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39761263132095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.21835151314735413}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8543918132781982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.679137110710144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6496101021766663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5234336853027344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.46667373180389404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39761263132095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.21835151314735413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2025.3591311","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2025.3591311","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40729709","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40729709","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4276660933","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62372376","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5666109848","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62102431","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989604479","https://openalex.org/W2004617458","https://openalex.org/W2026580892","https://openalex.org/W2050568179","https://openalex.org/W2050819731","https://openalex.org/W2154418786","https://openalex.org/W2166166917","https://openalex.org/W2249989021","https://openalex.org/W2262276395","https://openalex.org/W2486715098","https://openalex.org/W2891701086","https://openalex.org/W2908789966","https://openalex.org/W2979622390","https://openalex.org/W3040879766","https://openalex.org/W3103176522","https://openalex.org/W3146106549","https://openalex.org/W3157164925","https://openalex.org/W3199469541","https://openalex.org/W4319459158","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4388158936","https://openalex.org/W4390492561","https://openalex.org/W4393152572","https://openalex.org/W4404586419"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W2138720691","https://openalex.org/W4362501864","https://openalex.org/W1982914007","https://openalex.org/W2159583675","https://openalex.org/W1824242903","https://openalex.org/W1493858311","https://openalex.org/W2155470929","https://openalex.org/W2111125783","https://openalex.org/W2394465510"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multiagent":[0],"routing":[1,38],"problems,":[2],"arising":[3],"from":[4],"practical":[5],"applications,":[6],"such":[7],"as":[8],"logistics,":[9],"transportation,":[10],"and":[11,56,74,98,120,130],"emergency":[12],"response,":[13],"face":[14],"challenges":[15],"due":[16],"to":[17,33,51,61,95],"the":[18,22,35,85,90,102,138],"exponential":[19],"growth":[20],"of":[21],"search":[23],"space":[24],"with":[25,84,137],"increasing":[26],"problem":[27],"scales.":[28],"This":[29],"article":[30],"proposes":[31],"RouteMaker":[32,44,68,92,123],"address":[34],"often-overlooked":[36],"multiagent":[37],"problems":[39,73,97,100],"involving":[40,117],"dedicated":[41],"multiple":[42],"depots.":[43],"leverages":[45],"role-interaction-based":[46],"graph":[47],"neural":[48],"network":[49],"(RIGNN)":[50],"realize":[52],"effective":[53],"locations":[54],"assignments":[55],"integrates":[57],"an":[58],"advanced":[59],"planner":[60],"plan":[62],"travel":[63],"path":[64],"for":[65,104],"each":[66],"agent.":[67],"is":[69],"trained":[70],"on":[71],"small-scale":[72],"can":[75],"produce":[76],"comparable":[77],"or":[78],"superior":[79],"approximate":[80],"optimal":[81],"solutions":[82,110],"compared":[83,136],"best":[86],"heuristic":[87,141],"baselines.":[88],"Notably,":[89],"learned":[91],"generalizes":[93],"seamlessly":[94],"large-scale":[96],"real-world":[99],"without":[101],"need":[103],"fine-tuning,":[105],"delivering":[106],"significantly":[107],"higher":[108],"quality":[109],"in":[111],"relatively":[112],"less":[113],"time.":[114],"For":[115],"scenarios":[116],"40":[118],"agents":[119],"1000":[121],"locations,":[122],"achieves":[124],"over":[125],"$600\\times":[126],"$":[127],"speed":[128],"improvement":[129],"more":[131],"than":[132],"88%":[133],"cost":[134],"reduction,":[135],"representative":[139],"classical":[140],"solver":[142],"(ORTools).":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
