{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412492496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2025.3585063","title":"The Risk of Federated Learning to Skew Fine-Tuning Features and Underperform Robustness","display_name":"The Risk of Federated Learning to Skew Fine-Tuning Features and Underperform Robustness","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412492496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2025.3585063","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40674194"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2025.3585063","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2025.3585063","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082353823","display_name":"Mengyao Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9560-2869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengyao Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Systems Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9560-2869","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Systems Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101836488","display_name":"Miao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1839-3079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Systems Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1839-3079","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Systems Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072729601","display_name":"Yuwen Pu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2311-4943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuwen Pu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Big Data and Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2311-4943","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Big Data and Software Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014906752","display_name":"Qingming Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6085-7300"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6085-7300","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058611515","display_name":"Shouling Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4268-372X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shouling Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4268-372X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Quanjun Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1207-8660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quanjun Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Systems Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1207-8660","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Systems Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07750839,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"10","first_page":"19054","last_page":"19067"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.925599992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9126999974250793,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.907563328742981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skew","display_name":"Skew","score":0.7891267538070679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7206419706344604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transferability","display_name":"Transferability","score":0.7197121381759644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4790114760398865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.43583327531814575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43440505862236023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4115796685218811}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.907563328742981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43711488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7534783","display_name":"Skew","level":2,"score":0.7891267538070679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7206419706344604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61272859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834031","display_name":"Transferability","level":3,"score":0.7197121381759644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4790114760398865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.43583327531814575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43440505862236023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4115796685218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140331021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1868104","display_name":"Logit","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2025.3585063","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2025.3585063","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40674194","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40674194","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2094257571","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62402425","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5055728372","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZJ2024001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317779","funder_display_name":"Zhejiang\u00a0Provincial\u00a0Postdoctoral\u00a0Science\u00a0Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5703734916","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62403484","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6603744613","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62306324","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317779","display_name":"Zhejiang\u00a0Provincial\u00a0Postdoctoral\u00a0Science\u00a0Foundation","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1839863673","https://openalex.org/W2061873838","https://openalex.org/W2251939518","https://openalex.org/W2965373594","https://openalex.org/W3175729092","https://openalex.org/W3198675127","https://openalex.org/W3202088367","https://openalex.org/W4289639938","https://openalex.org/W4312252361","https://openalex.org/W4312352414","https://openalex.org/W4385572063","https://openalex.org/W4386076229","https://openalex.org/W4401807705","https://openalex.org/W4401908492","https://openalex.org/W4404708500","https://openalex.org/W4405968064","https://openalex.org/W4406728084"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4399895933","https://openalex.org/W2161221533","https://openalex.org/W4229699405","https://openalex.org/W1666484574","https://openalex.org/W2216382288","https://openalex.org/W2355491300","https://openalex.org/W4234629551","https://openalex.org/W2011110943","https://openalex.org/W2028856635","https://openalex.org/W4251615416"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0,79],"tackle":[1],"the":[2,11,35,43,68,77,81,106,110,118,123,127,141,145,157],"scarcity":[3],"and":[4,41,55,74,168,176],"privacy":[5],"issues":[6],"associated":[7],"with":[8,18,131],"domain-specific":[9],"datasets,":[10,61],"integration":[12],"of":[13,37,47,70,84,103,120,136,144,172],"federated":[14,32,86],"learning":[15,33,87],"in":[16],"conjunction":[17],"fine-tuning":[19],"(FT)":[20],"has":[21,34],"emerged":[22],"as":[23],"a":[24,93,133],"practical":[25,85],"solution.":[26],"However,":[27],"our":[28,153],"findings":[29],"reveal":[30],"that":[31,152],"risk":[36],"skewing":[38],"FT":[39,165],"features":[40],"compromising":[42],"out-of-distribution":[44],"(OOD)":[45],"robustness":[46,53,116,121,158],"pretrained":[48,124],"models.":[49],"By":[50],"introducing":[51],"three":[52],"indicators":[54],"conducting":[56],"experiments":[57],"across":[58,159],"diverse":[59,160],"robust":[60,98],"we":[62,91],"elucidate":[63],"these":[64],"phenomena":[65],"by":[66],"scrutinizing":[67],"ability":[69],"data":[71],"representations,":[72],"transferability,":[73],"deviations":[75],"within":[76],"model.":[78,146],"mitigate":[80],"negative":[82],"impact":[83],"on":[88,105],"model":[89,115,125],"robustness,":[90],"introduce":[92],"general":[94],"noisy":[95],"projection":[96],"(GNP)-based":[97],"algorithm,":[99],"ensuring":[100],"no":[101],"deterioration":[102],"accuracy":[104],"target":[107],"distribution.":[108],"Specifically,":[109],"key":[111],"strategy":[112],"for":[113],"enhancing":[114],"entails":[117],"transfer":[119],"from":[122],"to":[126,139],"fine-tuned":[128],"model,":[129],"coupled":[130],"adding":[132],"small":[134],"amount":[135],"Gaussian":[137],"noise":[138],"augment":[140],"representative":[142],"capacity":[143],"The":[147],"comprehensive":[148],"experimental":[149],"results":[150],"demonstrate":[151],"approach":[154],"markedly":[155],"enhances":[156],"scenarios,":[161],"encompassing":[162],"various":[163],"parameter-efficient":[164],"(PEFT)":[166],"methods":[167],"confronting":[169],"different":[170],"levels":[171],"label":[173],"distribution":[174,178],"skew":[175],"quantity":[177],"skew.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}