{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409154619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2025.3548984","title":"Computational Fluid Dynamic Network for Infrared Small Target Detection","display_name":"Computational Fluid Dynamic Network for Infrared Small Target Detection","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409154619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2025.3548984","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40184285"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2025.3548984","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2025.3548984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101464703","display_name":"Mingjin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1473-9784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingjin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1473-9784","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085753416","display_name":"Ke Yue","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Yue","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100709305","display_name":"Jie Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6223-5492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6223-5492","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100639013","display_name":"Qiming Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0060-0543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0060-0543","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100345321","display_name":"Jing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6595-7661"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6595-7661","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101785348","display_name":"Xinbo Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7985-0037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinbo Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Key Laboratory of Image Cognition, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7985-0037","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Image Cognition, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":26.9005,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99337736,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"8","first_page":"14777","last_page":"14789"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.7519999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.7519999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared","display_name":"Infrared","score":0.6065869927406311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4849143624305725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.19442486763000488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.13896358013153076}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.6065869927406311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4849143624305725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19442486763000488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.13896358013153076}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2025.3548984","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2025.3548984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40184285","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40184285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1713521428","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024KFKT001-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2022121445","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U21A20514","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2430254510","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371362","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3221460277","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92470108","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6976320768","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272363","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1978993121","https://openalex.org/W1992873714","https://openalex.org/W2006851788","https://openalex.org/W2041560658","https://openalex.org/W2146103513","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2408279554","https://openalex.org/W2600297185","https://openalex.org/W2604768956","https://openalex.org/W2780449407","https://openalex.org/W2884367402","https://openalex.org/W2899139000","https://openalex.org/W2900678331","https://openalex.org/W2912919760","https://openalex.org/W2922509574","https://openalex.org/W2938060879","https://openalex.org/W2947156405","https://openalex.org/W2957414648","https://openalex.org/W2962737770","https://openalex.org/W2962914239","https://openalex.org/W2963359731","https://openalex.org/W2986554926","https://openalex.org/W2991471181","https://openalex.org/W3010079414","https://openalex.org/W3017347451","https://openalex.org/W3039443125","https://openalex.org/W3044364325","https://openalex.org/W3088317060","https://openalex.org/W3118249006","https://openalex.org/W3118934234","https://openalex.org/W3127131334","https://openalex.org/W3127708505","https://openalex.org/W3159459366","https://openalex.org/W3168997536","https://openalex.org/W3171950886","https://openalex.org/W4221166276","https://openalex.org/W4224307186","https://openalex.org/W4245304393","https://openalex.org/W4313065862","https://openalex.org/W4313506322","https://openalex.org/W4362500629","https://openalex.org/W4372260328","https://openalex.org/W4382469019","https://openalex.org/W4385765253","https://openalex.org/W4386076367","https://openalex.org/W4387951721","https://openalex.org/W4388756758","https://openalex.org/W4390874466","https://openalex.org/W4391305609","https://openalex.org/W4393148032","https://openalex.org/W4400314904","https://openalex.org/W4403594096","https://openalex.org/W4403792439","https://openalex.org/W4404177154","https://openalex.org/W6745764291","https://openalex.org/W6751733626","https://openalex.org/W6766978945","https://openalex.org/W6772525498","https://openalex.org/W6798838024"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Infrared":[0],"small":[1,10],"target":[2,198],"detection":[3,202],"(IRSTD)":[4],"aims":[5],"to":[6,60,104,175,177,183,218],"identify":[7],"and":[8,28,42,140,193,200,212,215],"locate":[9],"targets":[11,189],"amidst":[12],"background":[13],"noise.":[14],"It":[15],"is":[16,173,207,216],"highly":[17],"valuable":[18],"in":[19,33,66,109,161],"various":[20],"practical":[21],"application":[22],"domains,":[23],"such":[24,36],"as":[25,37,147],"maritime":[26],"rescue":[27],"early":[29],"warning":[30],"systems":[31],"deployed":[32],"challenging":[34],"conditions":[35],"harsh":[38],"weather,":[39],"low":[40],"illumination,":[41],"long":[43],"imaging":[44],"distances.":[45],"Different":[46],"from":[47,63,76,123],"existing":[48,220],"works":[49],"that":[50,87,155],"either":[51],"adopt":[52],"well-designed":[53],"backbone":[54,149],"networks":[55],"or":[56],"devise":[57,141],"specific":[58],"modules":[59],"improve":[61],"them":[62],"different":[64,188],"aspects,":[65],"this":[67],"article,":[68],"we":[69,114,128],"formulate":[70],"the":[71,81,88,94,97,105,130,133,148,156,162,180,184,210],"learning":[72,196],"process":[73],"of":[74,83,90,96,107,132,150],"IRSTD":[75,100],"a":[77,110,116,142,167],"novel":[78],"perspective,":[79],"i.e.,":[80],"mechanism":[82],"pixel":[84,157,181],"movement.":[85],"Considering":[86],"movement":[89],"pixels":[91],"passing":[92],"through":[93],"layers":[95],"network":[98,120],"for":[99,187],"can":[101],"be":[102],"analogized":[103],"flow":[106],"particles":[108],"fluid":[111,118,125],"dynamic":[112,119],"system,":[113],"propose":[115],"computational":[117,124],"(CFD-Net)":[121],"derived":[122],"dynamics.":[126],"Technically,":[127],"leverage":[129],"superiority":[131],"unilateral":[134,143],"difference":[135],"equation":[136],"with":[137,190],"third-order":[138],"accuracy":[139],"differential":[144],"residual":[145],"structure":[146],"CFD-Net.":[151],"This":[152],"design":[153],"ensures":[154],"stream":[158,182],"only":[159],"flows":[160],"forward":[163],"direction.":[164],"In":[165],"addition,":[166],"switch-controlled":[168],"multidirectional":[169],"treatment":[170],"tank":[171],"(SMTT)":[172],"introduced":[174],"CFD-Net":[176,206],"dynamically":[178],"guide":[179],"appropriate":[185],"path":[186],"varying":[191],"shapes":[192],"orientations,":[194],"facilitating":[195],"robust":[197],"representation":[199],"improving":[201],"performance.":[203],"The":[204],"proposed":[205],"evaluated":[208],"on":[209],"IRSTD-1k":[211],"SIRST":[213],"datasets":[214],"found":[217],"outperform":[219],"state-of-the-art":[221],"(SOTA)":[222],"methods.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}