{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408145540","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2025.3540898","title":"Weakly Supervised Object Localization With Progressive Activation Diffusion","display_name":"Weakly Supervised Object Localization With Progressive Activation Diffusion","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408145540","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2025.3540898","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40036520"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2025.3540898","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2025.3540898","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023957994","display_name":"Can Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4944-0504"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Can Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4944-0504","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030769176","display_name":"Le Hui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0851-6805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Le Hui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Acquisition and Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0851-6805","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Acquisition and Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079434039","display_name":"Jin Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9157-838X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology and the School of Intelligence Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9157-838X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology and the School of Intelligence Science and Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100726984","display_name":"Jian Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4800-832X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4800-832X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.792,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89897401,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"8","first_page":"15194","last_page":"15206"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9365000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9365000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.932699978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9150000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5914275646209717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffusion","display_name":"Diffusion","score":0.5719613432884216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4564291834831238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4524669349193573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3855375647544861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15721911191940308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.07182371616363525}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5914275646209717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69357855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163214","display_name":"Diffusion","level":2,"score":0.5719613432884216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4564291834831238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4524669349193573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3855375647544861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15721911191940308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.07182371616363525}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2025.3540898","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2025.3540898","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40036520","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40036520","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3631428498","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62306238","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335869","funder_display_name":"National Social Science Fund of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7159457741","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62276144","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335869","funder_display_name":"National Social Science Fund of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335869","display_name":"National Social Science Fund of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1821462560","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2600144439","https://openalex.org/W2750432752","https://openalex.org/W2752796333","https://openalex.org/W2797826601","https://openalex.org/W2883554151","https://openalex.org/W2950557962","https://openalex.org/W2963045696","https://openalex.org/W2964274719","https://openalex.org/W2990371274","https://openalex.org/W2992308087","https://openalex.org/W3034315787","https://openalex.org/W3035318183","https://openalex.org/W3035712793","https://openalex.org/W3047278355","https://openalex.org/W3103376464","https://openalex.org/W3107169861","https://openalex.org/W3110272085","https://openalex.org/W3136998836","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3142837074","https://openalex.org/W3176171254","https://openalex.org/W3176774696","https://openalex.org/W3188615767","https://openalex.org/W3203593070","https://openalex.org/W3204484221","https://openalex.org/W4200631217","https://openalex.org/W4210335518","https://openalex.org/W4221167635","https://openalex.org/W4246193833","https://openalex.org/W4282913876","https://openalex.org/W4292828879","https://openalex.org/W4309569668","https://openalex.org/W4310330865","https://openalex.org/W4312315124","https://openalex.org/W4312570500","https://openalex.org/W4313019229","https://openalex.org/W4313069833","https://openalex.org/W4313119505","https://openalex.org/W4313590837","https://openalex.org/W4382465452","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4386113271","https://openalex.org/W4386245233","https://openalex.org/W4386470325","https://openalex.org/W4390457841","https://openalex.org/W4390692030","https://openalex.org/W4390871714","https://openalex.org/W4390872717","https://openalex.org/W4390874210","https://openalex.org/W4391215993","https://openalex.org/W4394862872","https://openalex.org/W4396941307","https://openalex.org/W4398226350","https://openalex.org/W4399341870","https://openalex.org/W4401109885","https://openalex.org/W4402127888","https://openalex.org/W4402436515","https://openalex.org/W4402727040","https://openalex.org/W4402753848","https://openalex.org/W4402753860","https://openalex.org/W4404722490","https://openalex.org/W4405102034","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6638319203","https://openalex.org/W6640963894","https://openalex.org/W6757817989","https://openalex.org/W6779823529","https://openalex.org/W6788135285","https://openalex.org/W6788990321","https://openalex.org/W6805547681","https://openalex.org/W6855369952"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Weakly":[0],"supervised":[1],"object":[2,69,200,219],"localization":[3,111,170,220],"(WSOL)":[4],"aims":[5],"to":[6,36,99,121,140,168,197],"locate":[7],"objects":[8,27],"with":[9],"only":[10,59],"image-level":[11],"labels.":[12],"Previous":[13],"works":[14],"mainly":[15],"follow":[16],"the":[17,26,30,37,45,61,67,82,103,110,123,134,137,158,164,169,181,184,190,199,209,264],"framework":[18],"of":[19,32,42,107,183,192,211],"class":[20],"activation":[21,56,73,95,135,262],"map":[22,171],"(CAM),":[23],"which":[24,131,156],"discovers":[25],"by":[28],"estimating":[29],"contribution":[31],"each":[33],"pixel":[34,242],"position":[35],"category":[38],"prediction.":[39],"However,":[40],"most":[41,62],"them":[43],"overlook":[44],"pixel-level":[46,159],"spatial":[47,125],"and":[48,70,86,105,188,206,221,225,233,240,260],"semantic":[49,160],"contextual":[50],"correlation,":[51],"resulting":[52],"in:":[53],"1)":[54],"limited":[55],"ranges":[57],"that":[58,253],"highlight":[60],"discriminative":[63,138],"parts":[64],"rather":[65],"than":[66],"entire":[68],"2)":[71],"low":[72],"values":[74],"for":[75,143],"some":[76],"foreground":[77,85,186,195],"parts,":[78],"especially":[79],"regions":[80],"near":[81],"boundary":[83],"between":[84,127],"background.":[87],"To":[88],"alleviate":[89],"this":[90],"issue,":[91],"we":[92,254],"propose":[93],"an":[94],"diffusion":[96,149],"network":[97],"(ADNet)":[98],"progressively":[100],"refine":[101],"both":[102],"range":[104],"value":[106,182,191],"activations":[108],"on":[109,203,229,246],"map.":[112],"Specifically,":[113],"a":[114,148,174,257],"context":[115],"propagation":[116],"module":[117,152],"is":[118,154],"first":[119],"developed":[120],"learn":[122],"top-down":[124],"dependency":[126],"adjacent":[128],"feature":[129],"maps,":[130],"helps":[132,179],"back-propagate":[133],"from":[136],"part":[139],"its":[141],"surroundings":[142],"more":[144,258],"complete":[145,259],"objects.":[146],"Then,":[147],"probability":[150],"distillation":[151],"(DPDM)":[153],"proposed,":[155],"transfers":[157],"correlation":[161],"emerging":[162],"in":[163,173,218],"image":[165],"generation":[166,172],"process":[167],"teacher-student":[175],"learning":[176],"manner.":[177],"This":[178],"boost":[180],"activated":[185],"region":[187],"stimulates":[189],"neighboring":[193],"inactivated":[194],"positions":[196],"sharpen":[198],"boundary.":[201],"Experiments":[202],"various":[204],"datasets":[205,239],"backbones":[207],"demonstrate":[208],"superiority":[210],"our":[212],"ADNet":[213],"over":[214],"state-of-the-art":[215],"(SOTA)":[216],"methods":[217],"segmentation,":[222],"yielding":[223],"82.2%":[224],"62.2%":[226],"Top-1":[227],"Loc":[228],"Caltech-UCSD":[230],"Birds-200-2011":[231],"(CUB)":[232],"ImageNet":[234],"Large-ScaleVisual":[235],"Recognition":[236],"Challenge":[237],"(ILSVRC)":[238],"76.6%":[241],"average":[243],"precision":[244],"(PxAP)":[245],"OpenImages":[247],"dataset.":[248],"Qualitative":[249],"results":[250],"also":[251],"show":[252],"can":[255],"achieve":[256],"consistent":[261],"covering":[263],"whole":[265],"object.":[266]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}