{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404563548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2024.3496473","title":"Gently Sloped and Extended Classification Margin for Overconfidence Relaxation of Out-of-Distribution Samples","display_name":"Gently Sloped and Extended Classification Margin for Overconfidence Relaxation of Out-of-Distribution Samples","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404563548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2024.3496473","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40030227"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2024.3496473","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2024.3496473","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100336619","display_name":"Tae-Wook Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8138-7993"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Taewook Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Manufacturing Intelligence Center, LG Energy Solution, Gwacheon, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Manufacturing Intelligence Center, LG Energy Solution, Gwacheon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008751948","display_name":"Jong Seok Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7945-2530"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jong-Seok Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100336619"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5714,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62928443,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"7","first_page":"12854","last_page":"12865"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12537","display_name":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9107000231742859,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12537","display_name":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9107000231742859,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","score":0.8112545013427734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overconfidence-effect","display_name":"Overconfidence effect","score":0.7678524255752563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","score":0.5981391072273254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relaxation","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","score":0.4932553172111511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.487371027469635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mineralogy","display_name":"Mineralogy","score":0.4107692241668701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.38896995782852173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.385397732257843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.37383031845092773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-science","display_name":"Soil science","score":0.3312000334262848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2015719711780548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.16400286555290222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.15172317624092102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.11598765850067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.06880700588226318}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.8112545013427734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51110983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16503490","display_name":"Overconfidence effect","level":2,"score":0.7678524255752563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5981391072273254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776029896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3935810","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4932553172111511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.487371027469635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199289684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353","display_name":"Mineralogy","level":1,"score":0.4107692241668701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.38896995782852173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.385397732257843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.37383031845092773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.3312000334262848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2015719711780548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.16400286555290222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.15172317624092102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.11598765850067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.06880700588226318}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2024.3496473","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2024.3496473","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40030227","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40030227","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1932198206","https://openalex.org/W2020286945","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2520774990","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2623808523","https://openalex.org/W2910121883","https://openalex.org/W2962898354","https://openalex.org/W2963466847","https://openalex.org/W2969985801","https://openalex.org/W3108123919","https://openalex.org/W3112288498","https://openalex.org/W3164709496","https://openalex.org/W3182165708","https://openalex.org/W3199528201","https://openalex.org/W4295768368","https://openalex.org/W4298325840","https://openalex.org/W4319300060","https://openalex.org/W6625168331","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6638523607","https://openalex.org/W6640425456","https://openalex.org/W6681151457","https://openalex.org/W6703116779","https://openalex.org/W6728622933","https://openalex.org/W6735013348","https://openalex.org/W6739651123","https://openalex.org/W6745553787","https://openalex.org/W6745891213","https://openalex.org/W6752760542","https://openalex.org/W6755501240","https://openalex.org/W6757615711","https://openalex.org/W6779395778","https://openalex.org/W6780616643","https://openalex.org/W6783596713","https://openalex.org/W6784323503","https://openalex.org/W6787972765","https://openalex.org/W6803950395","https://openalex.org/W6810308849","https://openalex.org/W6849846646"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4253467046","https://openalex.org/W4251085376","https://openalex.org/W2066240519","https://openalex.org/W2775388773","https://openalex.org/W2991634017","https://openalex.org/W4246334359","https://openalex.org/W2110063637","https://openalex.org/W2354626691","https://openalex.org/W1980773669","https://openalex.org/W2001454647"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"machine":[1],"learning":[2,83],"models":[3],"are":[4],"expected":[5],"to":[6],"be":[7],"capable":[8],"of":[9,133,140],"detecting":[10],"out-of-distribution":[11],"(OOD)":[12],"samples":[13,135,157],"for":[14,30,53],"safe":[15],"use.":[16],"However,":[17],"the":[18,34,99,111,127,131,138,148],"existing":[19],"OOD":[20,31,43,134,156],"detection":[21,32,44],"methods":[22,57],"have":[23],"limitations.":[24],"Post":[25],"hoc":[26],"calibration":[27],"techniques":[28],"used":[29],"during":[33,91],"inference":[35,40],"phase":[36],"suffer":[37],"from":[38],"slow":[39,62],"and":[41,64,88,125,136],"low":[42],"accuracy":[45],"because":[46],"pretrained":[47],"classifiers":[48],"were":[49],"not":[50],"originally":[51],"designed":[52],"this":[54,76],"task.":[55],"Training-phase":[56],"require":[58],"auxiliary":[59],"data,":[60],"entail":[61],"training,":[63],"result":[65],"in":[66,69,110,154],"a":[67,106,117],"decrease":[68],"classification":[70,100,118],"accuracy.":[71],"To":[72],"address":[73],"these":[74],"issues,":[75],"article":[77],"proposes":[78],"jointly":[79],"employing":[80],"discriminative":[81],"representation":[82],"through":[84],"angular":[85],"margin":[86,96,109,119],"loss":[87,97],"weight":[89,103],"regularization":[90,104],"neural":[92],"network":[93],"training.":[94],"Angular":[95],"extends":[98],"margin,":[101],"whereas":[102],"ensures":[105],"gently":[107,123],"sloped":[108,124],"learned":[112],"embedding":[113],"space.":[114],"By":[115],"constructing":[116],"that":[120,147],"is":[121],"both":[122],"enlarged,":[126],"proposed":[128,149],"approach":[129],"mitigates":[130],"overconfidence":[132],"overcomes":[137],"shortcomings":[139],"previous":[141],"methods.":[142],"The":[143],"experimental":[144],"results":[145],"demonstrate":[146],"method":[150],"outperforms":[151],"state-of-the-art":[152],"detectors":[153],"identifying":[155],"without":[158],"any":[159],"side":[160],"effects.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-19T19:40:27.379048","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}