{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392745432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2024.3373566","title":"Auxiliary Tasks Enhanced Dual-Affinity Learning for Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation","display_name":"Auxiliary Tasks Enhanced Dual-Affinity Learning for Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392745432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2024.3373566","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38478447"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2024.3373566","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2024.3373566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://api.research-repository.uwa.edu.au/ws/files/374611053/Auxiliary_Tasks_Enhanced_Dual-Affinity_Learning_for_Weakly_Supervised_Semantic_Segmentation.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048999652","display_name":"Lian Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1759-2941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lian Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1759-2941","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009750573","display_name":"Mohammed Bennamoun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6603-3257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Bennamoun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6603-3257","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014216530","display_name":"Farid Boussa\u00efd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7250-7407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farid Boussaid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7250-7407","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087818121","display_name":"Wanli Ouyang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9163-2761"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391012619","display_name":"Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkvpx79","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanli Ouyang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai AI Laboratory, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9163-2761","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai AI Laboratory, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391012619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002219416","display_name":"Ferdous Sohel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1557-4907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176790772","display_name":"Murdoch University","ror":"https://ror.org/00r4sry34","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176790772"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ferdous Sohel","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1557-4907","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176790772"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100341938","display_name":"Dan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0136-9603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, New Territories, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0136-9603","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, New Territories, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9969,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86900925,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"3","first_page":"5082","last_page":"5096"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6957405209541321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6668918132781982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5927015542984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5655574202537537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.5546506643295288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.44873884320259094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.44257649779319763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.41116881370544434}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6957405209541321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6668918132781982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5927015542984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5655574202537537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.5546506643295288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.44873884320259094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.44257649779319763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.41116881370544434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2024.3373566","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2024.3373566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38478447","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38478447","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/925ccebb-583a-4b88-b0ef-d69c12a448ce","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://admin.research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/925ccebb-583a-4b88-b0ef-d69c12a448ce","pdf_url":"https://api.research-repository.uwa.edu.au/ws/files/374611053/Auxiliary_Tasks_Enhanced_Dual-Affinity_Learning_for_Weakly_Supervised_Semantic_Segmentation.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402492","display_name":"UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","host_organization_name":"The University of Western Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Xu, L, Bennamoun, M, Boussaid, F, Ouyang, W, Sohel, F & Xu, D 2025, 'Auxiliary Tasks Enhanced Dual-Affinity Learning for Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 5082-5096. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNNLS.2024.3373566","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/925ccebb-583a-4b88-b0ef-d69c12a448ce","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/925ccebb-583a-4b88-b0ef-d69c12a448ce","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402492","display_name":"UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","host_organization_name":"The University of Western Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Xu, L, Bennamoun, M, Boussaid, F, Ouyang, W, Sohel, F & Xu, D 2025, 'Auxiliary Tasks Enhanced Dual-Affinity Learning for Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 5082-5096. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNNLS.2024.3373566","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-136209","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-136209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/925ccebb-583a-4b88-b0ef-d69c12a448ce","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://admin.research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/925ccebb-583a-4b88-b0ef-d69c12a448ce","pdf_url":"https://api.research-repository.uwa.edu.au/ws/files/374611053/Auxiliary_Tasks_Enhanced_Dual-Affinity_Learning_for_Weakly_Supervised_Semantic_Segmentation.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402492","display_name":"UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","host_organization_name":"The University of Western Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Xu, L, Bennamoun, M, Boussaid, F, Ouyang, W, Sohel, F & Xu, D 2025, 'Auxiliary Tasks Enhanced Dual-Affinity Learning for Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 5082-5096. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNNLS.2024.3373566","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4052057524","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ARC DP210102674","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8657801208","display_name":"Intelligent Virtual Human Companions","funder_award_id":"DP210101682","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392745432.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392745432.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":83,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1783315696","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1923697677","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2144794286","https://openalex.org/W2216125271","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2306289963","https://openalex.org/W2337429362","https://openalex.org/W2342435194","https://openalex.org/W2558580397","https://openalex.org/W2569272946","https://openalex.org/W2600144439","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2773003563","https://openalex.org/W2792824754","https://openalex.org/W2797826601","https://openalex.org/W2798376494","https://openalex.org/W2798441115","https://openalex.org/W2798715809","https://openalex.org/W2799124825","https://openalex.org/W2939217524","https://openalex.org/W2954087924","https://openalex.org/W2956648669","https://openalex.org/W2960445332","https://openalex.org/W2962758679","https://openalex.org/W2962867364","https://openalex.org/W2963198662","https://openalex.org/W2963606198","https://openalex.org/W2963687373","https://openalex.org/W2963803174","https://openalex.org/W2963921921","https://openalex.org/W2963977581","https://openalex.org/W2964225075","https://openalex.org/W2980189057","https://openalex.org/W2982093251","https://openalex.org/W2982220924","https://openalex.org/W2986062851","https://openalex.org/W2991366018","https://openalex.org/W2996952120","https://openalex.org/W2997845698","https://openalex.org/W2997851315","https://openalex.org/W3002181557","https://openalex.org/W3008354258","https://openalex.org/W3017680858","https://openalex.org/W3034333089","https://openalex.org/W3034373787","https://openalex.org/W3034453930","https://openalex.org/W3034930876","https://openalex.org/W3035422681","https://openalex.org/W3035703639","https://openalex.org/W3043746735","https://openalex.org/W3092599355","https://openalex.org/W3098191145","https://openalex.org/W3107634219","https://openalex.org/W3107653507","https://openalex.org/W3119344692","https://openalex.org/W3157990890","https://openalex.org/W3166286626","https://openalex.org/W3169761117","https://openalex.org/W3173957243","https://openalex.org/W3175456851","https://openalex.org/W3177958285","https://openalex.org/W3183732083","https://openalex.org/W3196990496","https://openalex.org/W3202299736","https://openalex.org/W3202524699","https://openalex.org/W3203036314","https://openalex.org/W3203879378","https://openalex.org/W4210346331","https://openalex.org/W4225636507","https://openalex.org/W4226396876","https://openalex.org/W4282913876","https://openalex.org/W4289752563","https://openalex.org/W4296558679","https://openalex.org/W4310330865","https://openalex.org/W4364323035","https://openalex.org/W4377715518","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6755402806","https://openalex.org/W6757068045","https://openalex.org/W6784163774","https://openalex.org/W6789782624"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2487162673","https://openalex.org/W2793211469","https://openalex.org/W2949152769","https://openalex.org/W4372354731","https://openalex.org/W2942366970","https://openalex.org/W2807634898","https://openalex.org/W1692008701","https://openalex.org/W2597588799","https://openalex.org/W4360593462","https://openalex.org/W2556027894"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"existing":[1],"weakly":[2,59],"supervised":[3,60],"semantic":[4,82,105,170],"segmentation":[5,106,128,198],"(WSSS)":[6],"methods":[7],"rely":[8],"on":[9,223],"class":[10],"activation":[11],"mapping":[12],"(CAM)":[13],"to":[14,49,64,99,120,140,150,181,187],"extract":[15],"coarse":[16],"class-specific":[17],"localization":[18],"maps":[19,37,41,72,186],"using":[20],"image-level":[21,109],"labels.":[22,54,111],"Prior":[23],"works":[24],"have":[25],"commonly":[26],"used":[27,95,149,180],"an":[28],"off-line":[29],"heuristic":[30],"thresholding":[31],"process":[32],"that":[33],"combines":[34],"the":[35,66,74,85,101,125,152,212,215,224],"CAM":[36,185],"with":[38,107,218],"off-the-shelf":[39],"saliency":[40,47,71,79,88,126,167],"produced":[42],"by":[43,157,202],"a":[44,58,115,135],"general":[45],"pretrained":[46],"model":[48],"produce":[50],"more":[51],"accurate":[52],"pseudo-segmentation":[53],"We":[55,112],"propose":[56,114,134],"AuxSegNet+,":[57,87],"auxiliary":[61,97],"learning":[62,118,138,205],"framework":[63],"explore":[65],"rich":[67],"information":[68],"from":[69,124],"these":[70],"and":[73,81,90,127,144,155,161,169,183,206,228],"significant":[75],"intertask":[76],"correlation":[77],"between":[78],"detection":[80,89,168],"segmentation.":[83,171],"In":[84,131],"proposed":[86,216],"multilabel":[91],"image":[92],"classification":[93],"are":[94,148],"as":[96],"tasks":[98],"improve":[100],"primary":[102],"task":[103],"of":[104,197,214],"only":[108],"ground-truth":[110],"also":[113,178],"cross-task":[116,136,174,203],"affinity":[117,176,204],"mechanism":[119],"learn":[121,141],"pixel-level":[122],"affinities":[123],"feature":[129],"maps.":[130],"particular,":[132],"we":[133],"dual-affinity":[137],"module":[139],"both":[142,159,166,193],"pairwise":[143,175],"unary":[145],"affinities,":[146],"which":[147],"enhance":[151],"task-specific":[153],"features":[154],"predictions":[156],"aggregating":[158],"query-dependent":[160],"query-independent":[162],"global":[163],"context":[164],"for":[165,192],"The":[172],"learned":[173],"can":[177],"be":[179],"refine":[182],"propagate":[184],"provide":[188],"better":[189],"pseudo":[190],"labels":[191],"tasks.":[194],"Iterative":[195],"improvement":[196],"performance":[199],"is":[200],"enabled":[201],"pseudo-label":[207],"updating.":[208],"Extensive":[209],"experiments":[210],"demonstrate":[211],"effectiveness":[213],"approach":[217],"new":[219],"state-of-the-art":[220],"WSSS":[221],"results":[222],"challenging":[225],"PASCAL":[226],"VOC":[227],"MS":[229],"COCO":[230],"benchmarks.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}