{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4286582016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2022.3190607","title":"FAT: Frequency-Aware Transformation for Bridging Full-Precision and Low-Precision Deep Representations","display_name":"FAT: Frequency-Aware Transformation for Bridging Full-Precision and Low-Precision Deep Representations","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4286582016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2022.3190607","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35867358"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2022.3190607","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2022.3190607","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006519974","display_name":"Chaofan Tao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6093-0854"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chaofan Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033075638","display_name":"Rui Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0744-0263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084258789","display_name":"Quan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5174-8762"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100751311","display_name":"Zhaoyang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2346-6228"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoyang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100752686","display_name":"Ping Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6685-7950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072120057","display_name":"Ngai Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3026-0108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ngai Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006519974"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3017,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53377686,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"2","first_page":"2640","last_page":"2654"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter","display_name":"Hyperparameter","score":0.8423994183540344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.7830884456634521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6799895763397217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6665493249893188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4739905893802643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.4621812105178833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.41712379455566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36425089836120605}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.8423994183540344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.7830884456634521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6799895763397217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6665493249893188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4739905893802643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.4621812105178833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.41712379455566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36425089836120605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2022.3190607","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2022.3190607","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35867358","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35867358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:hub.hku.hk:10722/339470","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hub.hku.hk/handle/10722/339470","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196271","display_name":"The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","host_organization_name":"University of Hong Kong","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5449689054","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"17209721","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321592","funder_display_name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8696728832","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"17206020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321592","funder_display_name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321592","display_name":"Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee","ror":"https://ror.org/00djwmt25"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2242818861","https://openalex.org/W2300242332","https://openalex.org/W2405920868","https://openalex.org/W2469490737","https://openalex.org/W2559655401","https://openalex.org/W2560084232","https://openalex.org/W2751477244","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2786771851","https://openalex.org/W2787513570","https://openalex.org/W2798742790","https://openalex.org/W2803549871","https://openalex.org/W2809624076","https://openalex.org/W2884022415","https://openalex.org/W2884150179","https://openalex.org/W2903711666","https://openalex.org/W2904323922","https://openalex.org/W2909967491","https://openalex.org/W2960643108","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963340555","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963480671","https://openalex.org/W2964133305","https://openalex.org/W2970454332","https://openalex.org/W2981751377","https://openalex.org/W2982479999","https://openalex.org/W3004061291","https://openalex.org/W3013215059","https://openalex.org/W3034297393","https://openalex.org/W3034513523","https://openalex.org/W3034771037","https://openalex.org/W3035204914","https://openalex.org/W3097304224","https://openalex.org/W3107032263","https://openalex.org/W3109579921","https://openalex.org/W3110519017","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3150698441","https://openalex.org/W3156544519","https://openalex.org/W3164441165","https://openalex.org/W3168076195","https://openalex.org/W3168317852","https://openalex.org/W3176068477","https://openalex.org/W3196547485","https://openalex.org/W3199638224","https://openalex.org/W4287812978","https://openalex.org/W4289097366","https://openalex.org/W4289438390","https://openalex.org/W6638946568","https://openalex.org/W6640442106","https://openalex.org/W6690026940","https://openalex.org/W6714058667","https://openalex.org/W6720242923","https://openalex.org/W6743755670","https://openalex.org/W6748224102","https://openalex.org/W6748319235","https://openalex.org/W6753069482","https://openalex.org/W6754887999","https://openalex.org/W6760069825","https://openalex.org/W6765643347","https://openalex.org/W6767298317","https://openalex.org/W6769162321","https://openalex.org/W6775520913","https://openalex.org/W6776767859","https://openalex.org/W6779043139","https://openalex.org/W6779249178","https://openalex.org/W6783467810","https://openalex.org/W6787972765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2140186469","https://openalex.org/W4390421286","https://openalex.org/W4280563792","https://openalex.org/W4389724018","https://openalex.org/W4318719684","https://openalex.org/W3183136280","https://openalex.org/W4318559728","https://openalex.org/W4206951940","https://openalex.org/W4382602594","https://openalex.org/W4387850423"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Learning":[0],"low-bitwidth":[1],"convolutional":[2],"neural":[3],"networks":[4],"(CNNs)":[5],"is":[6],"challenging":[7],"because":[8],"performance":[9,146],"may":[10],"drop":[11],"significantly":[12],"after":[13],"quantization.":[14,165],"Prior":[15],"arts":[16],"often":[17],"quantize":[18],"the":[19,37,73,115,144],"network":[20,70],"weights":[21,71],"by":[22],"carefully":[23],"tuning":[24,107],"hyperparameters":[25],"such":[26],"as":[27],"nonuniform":[28,122],"stepsize":[29],"and":[30,39,108,121,124],"layerwise":[31],"bitwidths,":[32],"which":[33],"are":[34],"complicated":[35,64],"since":[36],"full-":[38],"low-precision":[40],"representations":[41],"have":[42],"large":[43],"discrepancies.":[44],"This":[45],"work":[46],"presents":[47],"a":[48,138,159],"novel":[49,160],"quantization":[50,116],"pipeline,":[51],"named":[52],"frequency-aware":[53],"transformation":[54],"(FAT),":[55],"that":[56,112],"features":[57],"important":[58],"benefits:":[59],"1)":[60],"instead":[61],"of":[62],"designing":[63],"quantizers,":[65],"FAT":[66,94,113,126,136,155],"learns":[67],"to":[68,76,85,157],"transform":[69],"in":[72,87,98,118,147],"frequency":[74],"domain":[75],"remove":[77],"redundant":[78],"information":[79],"before":[80],"quantization,":[81],"making":[82],"them":[83],"amenable":[84],"training":[86],"low":[88,99],"bitwidth":[89],"with":[90,137],"simple":[91,139],"quantizers;":[92],"2)":[93],"readily":[95],"embeds":[96],"CNNs":[97],"bitwidths":[100,149],"using":[101],"standard":[102],"quantizers":[103],"without":[104],"tedious":[105],"hyperparameter":[106],"theoretical":[109],"analyses":[110],"show":[111],"minimizes":[114],"errors":[117],"both":[119],"uniform":[120],"quantizations;":[123],"3)":[125],"can":[127,142],"be":[128],"easily":[129],"plugged":[130],"into":[131],"various":[132,151],"CNN":[133],"architectures.":[134,153],"Using":[135],"uniform/logarithmic":[140],"quantizer":[141],"achieve":[143],"state-of-the-art":[145],"different":[148],"on":[150],"model":[152,164],"Consequently,":[154],"serves":[156],"provide":[158],"frequency-based":[161],"perspective":[162],"for":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-27T16:54:17.756197","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}