{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3153091791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2022.3180197","title":"Synchronization of Tree Parity Machines Using Nonbinary Input Vectors","display_name":"Synchronization of Tree Parity Machines Using Nonbinary Input Vectors","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3153091791","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2022.3180197","mag":"3153091791","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35696483"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2022.3180197","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2022.3180197","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/5962385/6104215/09795149.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/5962385/6104215/09795149.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011919684","display_name":"Mi\u0142osz Stypi\u0144ski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7137-3195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mi\u0142osz Stypi\u0144ski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Telecommunications, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland","w, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7137-3195","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Telecommunications, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"w, Poland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089084682","display_name":"Marcin Niemiec","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3909-9592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcin Niemiec","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Telecommunications, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland","w, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3909-9592","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Telecommunications, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"w, Poland","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011919684"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2179,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79376836,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"1","first_page":"1423","last_page":"1429"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12162","display_name":"Cellular Automata and Applications","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6653928756713867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-cryptography","display_name":"Neural cryptography","score":0.6468173265457153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.60506272315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.5971996188163757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5539758801460266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-exchange","display_name":"Key exchange","score":0.4610610902309418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.4225677251815796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3437435030937195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.27313587069511414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2663511633872986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.22906818985939026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.2168949842453003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21683847904205322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.0870501697063446}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6653928756713867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126954023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4316440","display_name":"Neural cryptography","level":4,"score":0.6468173265457153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.60506272315979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.5971996188163757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5539758801460266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99674996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414155","display_name":"Key exchange","level":4,"score":0.4610610902309418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4225677251815796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3437435030937195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.27313587069511414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2663511633872986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.22906818985939026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.2168949842453003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21683847904205322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.0870501697063446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2022.3180197","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2022.3180197","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/5962385/6104215/09795149.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35696483","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35696483","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:7833428","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/7833428","pdf_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/7833428","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2022.3180197","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2022.3180197","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/5962385/6104215/09795149.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5184107801","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"830943","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6061340053","display_name":"European network of Cybersecurity centres and competence Hub for innovation and Operations","funder_award_id":"830943","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338475","funder_display_name":"H2020 LEIT Information and Communication Technologies"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7842005466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon 2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338475","display_name":"H2020 LEIT Information and Communication Technologies","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3153091791.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3153091791.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W100882879","https://openalex.org/W135467536","https://openalex.org/W1549998098","https://openalex.org/W1610817247","https://openalex.org/W1995341919","https://openalex.org/W2027811079","https://openalex.org/W2048434638","https://openalex.org/W2064117515","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2100537126","https://openalex.org/W2136152312","https://openalex.org/W2137147061","https://openalex.org/W2156186849","https://openalex.org/W2550244750","https://openalex.org/W2555609661","https://openalex.org/W2803994292","https://openalex.org/W2894876451","https://openalex.org/W2922323510","https://openalex.org/W2997851848","https://openalex.org/W3018017823","https://openalex.org/W3027946228","https://openalex.org/W3099887136","https://openalex.org/W3105997554","https://openalex.org/W3111297213","https://openalex.org/W3126810728","https://openalex.org/W3127104302","https://openalex.org/W3132207620","https://openalex.org/W4232943145","https://openalex.org/W4251817184","https://openalex.org/W6679783477"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2155942762","https://openalex.org/W2528415955","https://openalex.org/W2189400933","https://openalex.org/W2188587181","https://openalex.org/W2565952052","https://openalex.org/W3197555326","https://openalex.org/W2548040793","https://openalex.org/W1506702996","https://openalex.org/W2094483166","https://openalex.org/W2393841853"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neural":[0],"cryptography":[1],"is":[2,20,51,78],"the":[3,11,44,72,75,91,100],"application":[4],"of":[5,13,17,46,64,74,93,102],"artificial":[6],"neural":[7,103],"networks":[8],"(ANNs)":[9],"in":[10,85],"subject":[12],"cryptography.":[14,104],"The":[15,49],"functionality":[16],"this":[18],"solution":[19],"based":[21,52],"on":[22,53],"a":[23,61,70,86],"tree":[24],"parity":[25],"machine":[26],"(TPM).":[27],"It":[28],"uses":[29],"ANNs":[30],"to":[31,43,90],"perform":[32],"secure":[33],"key":[34],"exchange":[35],"between":[36],"network":[37],"entities.":[38],"This":[39,97],"brief":[40],"proposes":[41],"improvements":[42],"synchronization":[45,76],"two":[47],"TPMs.":[48],"improvement":[50],"learning":[54],"ANN":[55],"using":[56],"input":[57],"vectors":[58],"that":[59],"have":[60],"wider":[62],"range":[63],"values":[65],"than":[66],"binary":[67],"ones.":[68],"As":[69],"result,":[71],"duration":[73],"process":[77],"reduced.":[79],"Therefore,":[80],"TPMs":[81],"achieve":[82],"common":[83],"weights":[84],"shorter":[87],"time":[88],"due":[89],"reduction":[92],"necessary":[94],"bit":[95],"exchanges.":[96],"approach":[98],"improves":[99],"security":[101]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T09:01:20.584952","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}