{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4282942883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2022.3179306","title":"NCGNN: Node-Level Capsule Graph Neural Network for Semisupervised Classification","display_name":"NCGNN: Node-Level Capsule Graph Neural Network for Semisupervised Classification","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4282942883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2022.3179306","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35679381"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2022.3179306","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2022.3179306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100614868","display_name":"Rui Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4552-584X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4552-584X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045342512","display_name":"Wenrui Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2522-5778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenrui Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2522-5778","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100675587","display_name":"Chenglin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2888-594X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenglin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2888-594X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016006337","display_name":"Junni Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9694-9880"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junni Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9694-9880","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002494284","display_name":"Hongkai Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4552-0029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongkai Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4552-0029","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8052,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94084208,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"1","first_page":"1025","last_page":"1039"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.9567999839782715,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":0.9553999900817871,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homophily","display_name":"Homophily","score":0.7831728458404541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.7173391580581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7091479301452637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.6009849309921265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/message-passing","display_name":"Message passing","score":0.5292895436286926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4964461922645569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.44719693064689636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4287378489971161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.38736891746520996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3079780340194702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.14751464128494263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14376336336135864}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779812341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891525","display_name":"Homophily","level":2,"score":0.7831728458404541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.7173391580581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7091479301452637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6009849309921265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C854659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859284","display_name":"Message passing","level":2,"score":0.5292895436286926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4964461922645569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.44719693064689636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4287378489971161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.38736891746520996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3079780340194702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.14751464128494263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14376336336135864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2022.3179306","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2022.3179306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35679381","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35679381","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3425091141","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871267","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3438946646","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61932022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3628871441","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61720106001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4936292138","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T2122024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G510744082","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61831018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5224945856","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20511100100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330402","funder_display_name":"Shanghai Technology Innovation Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5326461368","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61971285","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6094063813","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62125109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6393920532","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61972256","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7123918047","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62120106007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8700549466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61931023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330402","display_name":"Shanghai Technology Innovation Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":87,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2966661","https://openalex.org/W44637767","https://openalex.org/W1787224781","https://openalex.org/W2060300932","https://openalex.org/W2083844448","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2107559689","https://openalex.org/W2130354913","https://openalex.org/W2153959628","https://openalex.org/W2162630660","https://openalex.org/W2278868814","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2558460151","https://openalex.org/W2606202972","https://openalex.org/W2607500032","https://openalex.org/W2776207810","https://openalex.org/W2807021761","https://openalex.org/W2809418595","https://openalex.org/W2921734165","https://openalex.org/W2950697450","https://openalex.org/W2962851944","https://openalex.org/W2964051675","https://openalex.org/W2979481854","https://openalex.org/W2983864285","https://openalex.org/W2990045899","https://openalex.org/W2998324911","https://openalex.org/W2998496395","https://openalex.org/W3030145375","https://openalex.org/W3033892090","https://openalex.org/W3039500550","https://openalex.org/W3042770487","https://openalex.org/W3094055134","https://openalex.org/W3095964485","https://openalex.org/W3099375322","https://openalex.org/W3100848837","https://openalex.org/W3101543043","https://openalex.org/W3105503635","https://openalex.org/W3108823960","https://openalex.org/W3113037084","https://openalex.org/W4288101963","https://openalex.org/W6602764823","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6677995690","https://openalex.org/W6685133223","https://openalex.org/W6685350579","https://openalex.org/W6726873649","https://openalex.org/W6736685754","https://openalex.org/W6743410771","https://openalex.org/W6743446608","https://openalex.org/W6746313456","https://openalex.org/W6748053814","https://openalex.org/W6751570989","https://openalex.org/W6752110883","https://openalex.org/W6752772801","https://openalex.org/W6755863455","https://openalex.org/W6756561102","https://openalex.org/W6758623387","https://openalex.org/W6760001035","https://openalex.org/W6760133027","https://openalex.org/W6761659004","https://openalex.org/W6761852987","https://openalex.org/W6762518954","https://openalex.org/W6763140224","https://openalex.org/W6766892243","https://openalex.org/W6767288045","https://openalex.org/W6767998753","https://openalex.org/W6768533090","https://openalex.org/W6769589523","https://openalex.org/W6771536047","https://openalex.org/W6771621015","https://openalex.org/W6771709057","https://openalex.org/W6771932116","https://openalex.org/W6772452466","https://openalex.org/W6775054590","https://openalex.org/W6779202901","https://openalex.org/W6779477267","https://openalex.org/W6779961489","https://openalex.org/W6784653527","https://openalex.org/W6784977419","https://openalex.org/W6786048916","https://openalex.org/W6790580958","https://openalex.org/W6794534400","https://openalex.org/W6798660213","https://openalex.org/W6803640039","https://openalex.org/W6804104814","https://openalex.org/W6840573628"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3185373886","https://openalex.org/W3010567961","https://openalex.org/W2588006872","https://openalex.org/W4385338594","https://openalex.org/W4200127153","https://openalex.org/W3119171992","https://openalex.org/W2011190096","https://openalex.org/W3175275009","https://openalex.org/W1971924293","https://openalex.org/W2560747187"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Message":[0],"passing":[1,20,97,185],"has":[2],"evolved":[3],"as":[4,103,197,228,230],"an":[5,94],"effective":[6,172],"tool":[7],"for":[8,18,135,247],"designing":[9],"graph":[10,85,144,199],"neural":[11,86],"networks":[12],"(GNNs).":[13],"However,":[14],"most":[15,214],"existing":[16],"methods":[17],"message":[19,96,184],"simply":[21],"sum":[22],"or":[23,74,179],"average":[24],"all":[25],"the":[26,49,60,142,149,167,198,202,217,221,239,253,256],"neighboring":[27],"features":[28,46,114,159,211],"to":[29,43,48,59,69,89,130,156,216],"update":[30],"node":[31,45,173,210,245,249],"representations.":[32],"They":[33],"are":[34,213],"restricted":[35],"by":[36,141],"two":[37],"problems:":[38],"1)":[39],"lack":[40],"of":[41,51,105,115,160,209,255],"interpretability":[42],"identify":[44,206],"significant":[47,215],"prediction":[50,219],"GNNs":[52],"and":[53,67,152,170,190,201,242,261],"2)":[54],"feature":[55],"overmixing":[56,158],"that":[57,212,234],"leads":[58],"oversmoothing":[61,168,240],"issue":[62,169,241],"in":[63,108],"capturing":[64],"long-range":[65],"dependencies":[66],"inability":[68],"handle":[70],"graphs":[71,176,232],"under":[72,258],"heterophily":[73],"low":[75],"homophily.":[76],"In":[77],"this":[78],"article,":[79],"we":[80],"propose":[81],"a":[82,123,138,207],"node-level":[83,106,121],"capsule":[84,111],"network":[87],"(NCGNN)":[88],"address":[90,238],"these":[91],"problems":[92],"with":[93,177],"improved":[95],"scheme.":[98],"Specifically,":[99],"NCGNN":[100,146,235],"represents":[101],"nodes":[102],"groups":[104],"capsules,":[107],"which":[109],"each":[110,120],"extracts":[112],"distinctive":[113],"its":[116],"corresponding":[117],"node.":[118],"For":[119],"capsule,":[122],"novel":[124],"dynamic":[125,203],"routing":[126,204],"procedure":[127,205],"is":[128,187],"developed":[129],"adaptively":[131],"select":[132],"appropriate":[133],"capsules":[134,151],"aggregation":[136],"from":[137,192,220],"subgraph":[139],"identified":[140],"designed":[143],"filter.":[145],"aggregates":[147],"only":[148],"advantageous":[150],"restrains":[153],"irrelevant":[154],"messages":[155],"avoid":[157],"interacting":[161],"nodes.":[162],"Therefore,":[163],"it":[164],"can":[165,236],"relieve":[166],"learn":[171],"representations":[174,246],"over":[175],"homophily":[178,260],"heterophily.":[180,262],"Furthermore,":[181],"our":[182],"proposed":[183],"scheme":[186],"inherently":[188],"interpretable":[189],"exempt":[191],"complex":[193],"post":[194],"hoc":[195],"explanations,":[196],"filter":[200],"subset":[208],"model":[218],"extracted":[222],"subgraph.":[223],"Extensive":[224],"experiments":[225],"on":[226],"synthetic":[227],"well":[229,237],"real-world":[231],"demonstrate":[233],"produce":[243],"better":[244],"semisupervised":[248],"classification.":[250],"It":[251],"outperforms":[252],"state":[254],"arts":[257],"both":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
