{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3204128416","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3112700","title":"Keep and Select: Improving Hierarchical Context Modeling for Multi-Turn Response Generation","display_name":"Keep and Select: Improving Hierarchical Context Modeling for Multi-Turn Response Generation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3204128416","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3112700","mag":"3204128416","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34587100"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2021.3112700","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3112700","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042809970","display_name":"Yanxiang Ling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8725-8316"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yanxiang Ling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Information Systems Engineering Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","College of Information Communication, National University of Defense Technology, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Information Systems Engineering Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Communication, National University of Defense Technology, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101854790","display_name":"Fei Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6970-5488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Information Systems Engineering Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Information Systems Engineering Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100361891","display_name":"Jun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6004-0675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026327666","display_name":"Honghui Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5234-0592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Honghui Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Information Systems Engineering Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Information Systems Engineering Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031439294","display_name":"Maarten de Rijke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1086-0202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","display_name":"University of Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/04dkp9463","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maarten de Rijke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Informatics Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, XM, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatics Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, XM, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042809970"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4193,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69891723,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"7","first_page":"3636","last_page":"3649"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.845831573009491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/utterance","display_name":"Utterance","score":0.8169562220573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.7223089933395386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conversation","display_name":"Conversation","score":0.665918231010437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.6573902368545532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6054887771606445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.5771316289901733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5368995666503906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.502429723739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.501734733581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turn-taking","display_name":"Turn-taking","score":0.4648629128932953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-model","display_name":"Context model","score":0.4542035758495331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.15883275866508484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.08860549330711365}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.845831573009491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775852435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258403","display_name":"Utterance","level":2,"score":0.8169562220573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.7223089933395386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777200299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52943","display_name":"Conversation","level":2,"score":0.665918231010437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6573902368545532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6054887771606445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5771316289901733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5368995666503906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.502429723739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.501734733581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776352735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2313343","display_name":"Turn-taking","level":3,"score":0.4648629128932953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183322885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007702","display_name":"Context model","level":3,"score":0.4542035758495331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.15883275866508484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08860549330711365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003142","descriptor_name":"Communication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013060","descriptor_name":"Speech","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019985","descriptor_name":"Benchmarking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2021.3112700","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3112700","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34587100","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34587100","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:dare.uva.nl:openaire_cris_publications/3cec977f-ce4b-4103-bfaf-6dc2aaabb142","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11245.1/3cec977f-ce4b-4103-bfaf-6dc2aaabb142","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400088","display_name":"UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","host_organization_name":"University of Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ling, Y, Cai, F, Liu, J, Chen, H & de Rijke, M 2023, 'Keep and Select: Improving hierarchical context modeling for multi-turn response generation', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, vol. 34, no. 7, pp. 3636-3649. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNNLS.2021.3112700","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dare.uva.nl:publications/3cec977f-ce4b-4103-bfaf-6dc2aaabb142","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://handle.uba.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/keep-and-select-improving-hierarchical-context-modeling-for-multiturn-response-generation(3cec977f-ce4b-4103-bfaf-6dc2aaabb142).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400088","display_name":"UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I887064364","host_organization_name":"University of Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887064364"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ling, Y, Cai, F, Liu, J, Chen, H & de Rijke, M 2023, 'Keep and Select: Improving hierarchical context modeling for multi-turn response generation', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, vol. 34, no. 7, pp. 3636-3649. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNNLS.2021.3112700","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6327288195","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702526","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518951372","https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2518570122","https://openalex.org/W2521114121","https://openalex.org/W2584185835","https://openalex.org/W2741363662","https://openalex.org/W2789033601","https://openalex.org/W2798385473","https://openalex.org/W2808636610","https://openalex.org/W2810840719","https://openalex.org/W2952267213","https://openalex.org/W2952592807","https://openalex.org/W2952855649","https://openalex.org/W2962717182","https://openalex.org/W2962883855","https://openalex.org/W2962896208","https://openalex.org/W2963167310","https://openalex.org/W2963270153","https://openalex.org/W2963903950","https://openalex.org/W2963958388","https://openalex.org/W2963963856","https://openalex.org/W2964199361","https://openalex.org/W2970391482","https://openalex.org/W2970579055","https://openalex.org/W2970960706","https://openalex.org/W2971277071","https://openalex.org/W2983537304","https://openalex.org/W2985258882","https://openalex.org/W2988937804","https://openalex.org/W3015322406","https://openalex.org/W3022187094","https://openalex.org/W3034720580","https://openalex.org/W3035148359","https://openalex.org/W3107013681","https://openalex.org/W4288089799","https://openalex.org/W4290742115","https://openalex.org/W4292779060","https://openalex.org/W6679436768","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6745297980","https://openalex.org/W6752662844","https://openalex.org/W6769627184","https://openalex.org/W6778883912"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3133700904","https://openalex.org/W2228992124","https://openalex.org/W2613954729","https://openalex.org/W3130118443","https://openalex.org/W1955947659","https://openalex.org/W2759378137","https://openalex.org/W2376974064","https://openalex.org/W3188579947","https://openalex.org/W4289529495","https://openalex.org/W4386695291"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hierarchical":[0],"context":[1,19,32,92,106,123],"modeling":[2],"plays":[3,56],"an":[4],"important":[5],"role":[6,48],"in":[7,57,156],"the":[8,31,38,46,50,59,82,85,122,133,146,153],"response":[9,72],"generation":[10,73],"for":[11],"multi-turn":[12,71,142],"conversational":[13],"systems.":[14],"Previous":[15],"methods":[16],"mainly":[17],"model":[18,74],"as":[20,124],"multiple":[21],"independent":[22],"utterances":[23,44],"and":[24,45,84,94,114,127,161],"rely":[25],"on":[26,139],"attention":[27],"mechanisms":[28],"to":[29,36,88,131],"obtain":[30],"representation.":[33,98],"They":[34],"tend":[35],"ignore":[37],"explicit":[39],"responds-to":[40],"relationships":[41],"between":[42],"adjacent":[43],"special":[47],"that":[49],"user's":[51],"latest":[52],"utterance":[53,104],"(the":[54],"query)":[55],"determining":[58],"success":[60],"of":[61,105,148,158],"a":[62,70,90,95],"conversation.":[63],"To":[64],"deal":[65],"with":[66,152],"this,":[67],"we":[68],"propose":[69],"named":[75],"KS-CQ,":[76],"which":[77],"contains":[78],"two":[79,140],"crucial":[80],"components,":[81],"Keep":[83,100],"Select":[86,119],"modules,":[87],"produce":[89],"neighbor-aware":[91],"representation":[93],"context-enriched":[96],"query":[97,134],"The":[99,118],"module":[101,120],"recodes":[102],"each":[103],"by":[107],"attentively":[108],"introducing":[109],"semantics":[110],"from":[111],"its":[112],"prior":[113],"posterior":[115],"neighboring":[116],"utterances.":[117],"treats":[121],"background":[125],"information":[126],"selectively":[128],"uses":[129],"it":[130],"enrich":[132],"representing":[135],"process.":[136],"Extensive":[137],"experiments":[138],"benchmark":[141],"conversation":[143],"datasets":[144],"demonstrate":[145],"effectiveness":[147],"our":[149],"proposal":[150],"compared":[151],"state-of-the-art":[154],"baselines":[155],"terms":[157],"both":[159],"automatic":[160],"human":[162],"evaluations.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-17T09:09:15.849793","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}