{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3184998497","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3095399","title":"Learning Binary Hash Codes Based on Adaptable Label Representations","display_name":"Learning Binary Hash Codes Based on Adaptable Label Representations","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3184998497","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3095399","mag":"3184998497","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34288878"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2021.3095399","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3095399","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019328343","display_name":"Huei\u2010Fang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8261-6965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142974352","display_name":"National Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mjawt10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huei-Fang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Management, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8261-6965","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Management, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142974352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077935756","display_name":"Cheng-Hao Tu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-7963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84653119","display_name":"Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/05bxb3784","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng-Hao Tu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-7963","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072890368","display_name":"Chu\u2010Song Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2959-2471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84653119","display_name":"Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/05bxb3784","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chu-Song Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan","Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2959-2471","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84653119"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7537,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72973152,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"11","first_page":"6961","last_page":"6975"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.8105202317237854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.6828960180282593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6458075642585754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hamming-space","display_name":"Hamming space","score":0.6187351942062378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-hashing","display_name":"Feature hashing","score":0.6152032017707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5707122087478638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.5432592034339905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-code","display_name":"Binary code","score":0.5137737989425659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universal-hashing","display_name":"Universal hashing","score":0.5126444697380066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.5108863711357117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5051689743995667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5036963820457458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.48310089111328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-table","display_name":"Hash table","score":0.4514469504356384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hamming-code","display_name":"Hamming code","score":0.26561886072158813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/double-hashing","display_name":"Double hashing","score":0.26535624265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.23403465747833252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2117970585823059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.11538776755332947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-code","display_name":"Block code","score":0.08667221665382385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.07634952664375305}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.8105202317237854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.6828960180282593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6458075642585754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779494224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5645799","display_name":"Hamming space","level":5,"score":0.6187351942062378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133667856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5439682","display_name":"Feature hashing","level":5,"score":0.6152032017707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5707122087478638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5432592034339905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63435697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864135","display_name":"Binary code","level":3,"score":0.5137737989425659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116058348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846912","display_name":"Universal hashing","level":5,"score":0.5126444697380066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5108863711357117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5051689743995667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5036963820457458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.48310089111328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67388219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207440","display_name":"Hash table","level":3,"score":0.4514469504356384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73150493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853922","display_name":"Hamming code","level":4,"score":0.26561886072158813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138111711","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478351","display_name":"Double hashing","level":4,"score":0.26535624265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.23403465747833252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2117970585823059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.11538776755332947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157125643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884707","display_name":"Block code","level":3,"score":0.08667221665382385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.07634952664375305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2021.3095399","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3095399","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34288878","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34288878","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3012988968","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 109-2221-E-110-063-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3255862906","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 110-2634-F-002-047","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6462155055","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 110-2218-E-002-033-MBK","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1797268635","https://openalex.org/W1910300841","https://openalex.org/W1913628733","https://openalex.org/W1923967535","https://openalex.org/W1939575207","https://openalex.org/W1951304353","https://openalex.org/W1974647172","https://openalex.org/W2007972815","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2124509324","https://openalex.org/W2138011018","https://openalex.org/W2293824885","https://openalex.org/W2411707397","https://openalex.org/W2461086877","https://openalex.org/W2475287302","https://openalex.org/W2508837377","https://openalex.org/W2562322388","https://openalex.org/W2565993688","https://openalex.org/W2586937979","https://openalex.org/W2594105920","https://openalex.org/W2598634450","https://openalex.org/W2604298190","https://openalex.org/W2738649458","https://openalex.org/W2798834175","https://openalex.org/W2798956329","https://openalex.org/W2799214875","https://openalex.org/W2802862847","https://openalex.org/W2889024947","https://openalex.org/W2890032859","https://openalex.org/W2897641604","https://openalex.org/W2897765688","https://openalex.org/W2962786441","https://openalex.org/W2962923976","https://openalex.org/W2963173190","https://openalex.org/W2963323172","https://openalex.org/W2963540428","https://openalex.org/W2964280870","https://openalex.org/W2966153044","https://openalex.org/W2970251552","https://openalex.org/W2971132377","https://openalex.org/W2972555443","https://openalex.org/W2974265398","https://openalex.org/W2979152723","https://openalex.org/W2980275434","https://openalex.org/W2981210451","https://openalex.org/W2999606372","https://openalex.org/W3003608386","https://openalex.org/W3010029546","https://openalex.org/W3012165871","https://openalex.org/W3025709990","https://openalex.org/W3034239448","https://openalex.org/W3035732386","https://openalex.org/W3097849501","https://openalex.org/W6636510571","https://openalex.org/W6638319203","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6685133223","https://openalex.org/W6688152296","https://openalex.org/W6697214482","https://openalex.org/W6735531217","https://openalex.org/W6738979955","https://openalex.org/W6741813933","https://openalex.org/W6752096081","https://openalex.org/W6754813029","https://openalex.org/W6755589826","https://openalex.org/W6785838799"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2752667240","https://openalex.org/W2563396873","https://openalex.org/W2153273131","https://openalex.org/W2029205712","https://openalex.org/W2808432394","https://openalex.org/W4212830455","https://openalex.org/W2766209167","https://openalex.org/W2796938763","https://openalex.org/W3202849009","https://openalex.org/W2519631826"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,142],"goal":[1],"of":[2,12,121,153,225],"supervised":[3,33],"hashing":[4,34],"is":[5,197],"to":[6,79,146,199],"construct":[7,204],"hash":[8,29,47,105,154,181],"mappings":[9],"from":[10,82],"collections":[11],"images":[13,21,163],"and":[14,72,130,178,201,209,215],"semantic":[15,68,193],"annotations":[16],"such":[17,61],"that":[18,36,60,102,170,186],"semantically":[19,161],"relevant":[20,162],"are":[22,127,149,164,171],"embedded":[23],"nearby":[24,172],"in":[25,227],"the":[26,115,119,137,150,158,168,187,206,210,223],"learned":[27,81,188],"binary":[28,104,180,212,230],"representations.":[30,112,182],"Existing":[31],"deep":[32],"approaches":[35],"employ":[37],"classification":[38,42],"frameworks":[39],"with":[40,133],"a":[41,122],"training":[43,140],"objective":[44],"for":[45,90,232],"learning":[46,228],"codes":[48,106,231],"often":[49],"encode":[50],"class":[51,75,110,116],"labels":[52,117],"as":[53,118,147],"one-hot":[54],"or":[55],"multi-hot":[56],"vectors.":[57],"We":[58,113],"argue":[59],"label":[62,76,111,143,159,189,207],"encodings":[63],"do":[64],"not":[65],"well":[66,191],"reflect":[67,192],"relations":[69],"among":[70],"classes":[71],"instead,":[73],"effective":[74,229],"representations":[77,190,208],"ought":[78],"be":[80],"data,":[83],"which":[84,126],"could":[85],"provide":[86],"more":[87],"discriminative":[88,179],"signals":[89],"hashing.":[91],"In":[92,157],"this":[93],"article,":[94],"we":[95,184],"introduce":[96],"Adaptive":[97],"Labeling":[98],"Deep":[99],"Hashing":[100],"(AdaLabelHash)":[101],"learns":[103],"based":[107],"on":[108,218],"learnable":[109],"treat":[114],"vertices":[120],"K":[123],"-dimensional":[124],"hypercube,":[125],"trainable":[128],"variables":[129],"adapted":[131],"together":[132],"network":[134,139],"weights":[135],"during":[136],"backward":[138],"procedure.":[141],"representations,":[144],"referred":[145],"codewords,":[148],"target":[151],"outputs":[152],"mapping":[155],"learning.":[156],"space,":[160],"then":[165],"expressed":[166],"by":[167],"codewords":[169],"regarding":[173],"Hamming":[174],"distances,":[175],"yielding":[176],"compact":[177,211],"Furthermore,":[183],"find":[185],"relations.":[194],"Our":[195],"approach":[196],"easy":[198],"realize":[200],"can":[202],"simultaneously":[203],"both":[205],"embeddings.":[213],"Quantitative":[214],"qualitative":[216],"evaluations":[217],"several":[219],"popular":[220],"benchmarks":[221],"validate":[222],"superiority":[224],"AdaLabelHash":[226],"image":[233],"search.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}