{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3000224471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3095068","title":"A Supervised Learning Algorithm for Multilayer Spiking Neural Networks Based on Temporal Coding Toward Energy-Efficient VLSI Processor Design","display_name":"A Supervised Learning Algorithm for Multilayer Spiking Neural Networks Based on Temporal Coding Toward Energy-Efficient VLSI Processor Design","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3000224471","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3095068","mag":"3000224471","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34280109"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2021.3095068","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3095068","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2001.05348","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051947063","display_name":"Yusuke Sakemi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0274-9491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yusuke Sakemi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","Univ.\\ of Tokyo"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0274-9491","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ.\\ of Tokyo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114115269","display_name":"Kai Morino","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135598925","display_name":"Kyushu University","ror":"https://ror.org/00p4k0j84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Morino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","[Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan, and also with the Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan.]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan, and also with the Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974","https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100729080","display_name":"Takashi Morie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2708-4307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207014233","display_name":"Kyushu Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02278tr80","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takashi Morie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Japan","Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering; Kyushu Institute of Technology; Kitakyushu; 808-0196; Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2708-4307","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering; Kyushu Institute of Technology; Kitakyushu; 808-0196; Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207014233"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038078845","display_name":"Kazuyuki Aihara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4602-9816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazuyuki Aihara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4602-9816","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051947063"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.61,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65837667,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"1","first_page":"394","last_page":"408"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiking-neural-network","display_name":"Spiking neural network","score":0.866725504398346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.786467969417572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.7269190549850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/very-large-scale-integration","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","score":0.6857410669326782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.5213443040847778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5124669671058655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5019137859344482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.44054940342903137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4135546386241913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3627542555332184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.33806413412094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.326678067445755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.1371598243713379}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.866725504398346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.786467969417572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.7269190549850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14580979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876049","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","level":2,"score":0.6857410669326782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.5213443040847778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5124669671058655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5019137859344482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.44054940342903137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4135546386241913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3627542555332184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.33806413412094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.326678067445755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.1371598243713379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2021.3095068","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3095068","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34280109","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34280109","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2001.05348","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2001.05348","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2001.05348","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3000224471","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://export.arxiv.org/pdf/2001.05348","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2001.05348","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2001.05348","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2001.05348","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2001.05348","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2001.05348","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1725334619","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPMJMS2021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334789","funder_display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3591258931","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP20dm0307009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311405","funder_display_name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311405","display_name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/004rtk039"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327982","display_name":"NEC Corporation","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334789","display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3000224471.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3000224471.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":101,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4919037","https://openalex.org/W194167025","https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W1645800954","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1937359183","https://openalex.org/W1964773927","https://openalex.org/W1975398991","https://openalex.org/W1999085092","https://openalex.org/W2010581677","https://openalex.org/W2046670350","https://openalex.org/W2069552454","https://openalex.org/W2082690044","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2121917196","https://openalex.org/W2132729131","https://openalex.org/W2138913040","https://openalex.org/W2147800946","https://openalex.org/W2149176744","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2165639766","https://openalex.org/W2183631084","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2506323698","https://openalex.org/W2507556850","https://openalex.org/W2513853720","https://openalex.org/W2518281301","https://openalex.org/W2520280309","https://openalex.org/W2526531604","https://openalex.org/W2529004582","https://openalex.org/W2552737632","https://openalex.org/W2565565355","https://openalex.org/W2569813014","https://openalex.org/W2604319603","https://openalex.org/W2606722458","https://openalex.org/W2609852068","https://openalex.org/W2612269878","https://openalex.org/W2620342231","https://openalex.org/W2620474507","https://openalex.org/W2725092576","https://openalex.org/W2735289987","https://openalex.org/W2740220207","https://openalex.org/W2749476078","https://openalex.org/W2766107700","https://openalex.org/W2775771159","https://openalex.org/W2778345336","https://openalex.org/W2783525259","https://openalex.org/W2798878556","https://openalex.org/W2803163155","https://openalex.org/W2805362231","https://openalex.org/W2806113867","https://openalex.org/W2898009935","https://openalex.org/W2898323475","https://openalex.org/W2905533880","https://openalex.org/W2913168413","https://openalex.org/W2913907987","https://openalex.org/W2914117107","https://openalex.org/W2916933688","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2921131065","https://openalex.org/W2923010225","https://openalex.org/W2939020224","https://openalex.org/W2947616034","https://openalex.org/W2953212265","https://openalex.org/W2960778947","https://openalex.org/W2963326222","https://openalex.org/W2963335874","https://openalex.org/W2963834742","https://openalex.org/W2964031418","https://openalex.org/W2964115671","https://openalex.org/W2964189286","https://openalex.org/W2964263004","https://openalex.org/W2966824056","https://openalex.org/W2969812992","https://openalex.org/W2971713705","https://openalex.org/W2981101011","https://openalex.org/W2984844508","https://openalex.org/W3012176213","https://openalex.org/W3015205410","https://openalex.org/W3025703747","https://openalex.org/W3035927999","https://openalex.org/W3100354136","https://openalex.org/W3102087395","https://openalex.org/W3124237980","https://openalex.org/W3203992401","https://openalex.org/W3213073654","https://openalex.org/W4243519499","https://openalex.org/W4253818737","https://openalex.org/W6600213771","https://openalex.org/W6656594533","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6686394896","https://openalex.org/W6739201545","https://openalex.org/W6743688258","https://openalex.org/W6749922295","https://openalex.org/W6752051825","https://openalex.org/W6755576168","https://openalex.org/W6759089702","https://openalex.org/W6760192024","https://openalex.org/W6774680395"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3185489689","https://openalex.org/W3183450825","https://openalex.org/W3113691487","https://openalex.org/W3020141685","https://openalex.org/W2075398388","https://openalex.org/W3104409553","https://openalex.org/W3184329476","https://openalex.org/W3130131243","https://openalex.org/W3111702385","https://openalex.org/W3211535359","https://openalex.org/W2024894333","https://openalex.org/W2587289508","https://openalex.org/W3111474787","https://openalex.org/W3128540131","https://openalex.org/W2976428661","https://openalex.org/W3161396968","https://openalex.org/W3022089980","https://openalex.org/W2980645564","https://openalex.org/W3047413273","https://openalex.org/W2972429589"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spiking":[0],"neural":[1],"networks":[2],"(SNNs)":[3],"are":[4,20,141],"brain-inspired":[5],"mathematical":[6],"models":[7,33],"with":[8,70],"the":[9,15,89,97,101,110,117,125,128,136,154,159,163],"ability":[10],"to":[11,22,65,87,152],"process":[12,139,161],"information":[13],"in":[14,36,60,143,158],"form":[16],"of":[17,100,109,127,156],"spikes.":[18],"SNNs":[19,52,130],"expected":[21],"provide":[23],"not":[24],"only":[25],"new":[26],"machine-learning":[27],"algorithms":[28,115],"but":[29],"also":[30,83,148],"energy-efficient":[31],"computational":[32],"when":[34],"implemented":[35],"very-large-scale":[37],"integration":[38],"(VLSI)":[39],"circuits.":[40],"In":[41],"this":[42,61],"article,":[43],"we":[44,123],"propose":[45,84,149],"a":[46,150],"novel":[47],"supervised":[48],"learning":[49],"algorithm":[50,62,103],"for":[51],"based":[53],"on":[54,91,116,162],"temporal":[55,112],"coding.":[56],"A":[57],"spiking":[58],"neuron":[59],"is":[63,104],"designed":[64],"facilitate":[66],"analog":[67,71,144],"VLSI":[68,145],"implementations":[69],"resistive":[72],"memory,":[73],"by":[74],"which":[75],"ultrahigh":[76],"energy":[77],"efficiency":[78],"can":[79],"be":[80],"achieved.":[81],"We":[82,147],"several":[85],"techniques":[86],"improve":[88],"performance":[90],"recognition":[92,164],"tasks":[93],"and":[94,119,140],"show":[95],"that":[96,108,133],"classification":[98],"accuracy":[99],"proposed":[102,129],"as":[105,107],"high":[106],"state-of-the-art":[111],"coding":[113],"SNN":[114],"MNIST":[118],"Fashion-MNIST":[120],"datasets.":[121],"Finally,":[122],"discuss":[124],"robustness":[126],"against":[131],"variations":[132,157],"arise":[134],"from":[135],"device":[137],"manufacturing":[138,160],"unavoidable":[142],"implementation.":[146],"technique":[151],"suppress":[153],"effects":[155],"performance.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
