{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3170878432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3084473","title":"Easy2Hard: Learning to Solve the Intractables From a Synthetic Dataset for Structure-Preserving Image Smoothing","display_name":"Easy2Hard: Learning to Solve the Intractables From a Synthetic Dataset for Structure-Preserving Image Smoothing","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3170878432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3084473","mag":"3170878432","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34111004"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2021.3084473","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3084473","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041884779","display_name":"Yidan Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7208-0458"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yidan Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101814933","display_name":"Sen Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3431-8244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sen Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010801486","display_name":"Xuefeng Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6030-0855"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuefeng Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068792201","display_name":"Xin Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-9079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051555459","display_name":"Mingqiang Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0429-490X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingqiang Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100635702","display_name":"Ligang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4352-1431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ligang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041884779"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9139,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92501455,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"12","first_page":"7223","last_page":"7236"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"Smoothing","score":0.8076331615447998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6442539691925049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.6264451742172241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6093257665634155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4978630542755127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.34824439883232117}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.8076331615447998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6442539691925049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6264451742172241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6093257665634155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4978630542755127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.34824439883232117}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2021.3084473","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3084473","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34111004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34111004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3361998035","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62025207","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8788252494","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62032011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W845365781","https://openalex.org/W1480546554","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1878947057","https://openalex.org/W1999360130","https://openalex.org/W2015207482","https://openalex.org/W2019904315","https://openalex.org/W2040334833","https://openalex.org/W2057203222","https://openalex.org/W2078718577","https://openalex.org/W2080794127","https://openalex.org/W2093412985","https://openalex.org/W2099244020","https://openalex.org/W2103559027","https://openalex.org/W2106403211","https://openalex.org/W2109075629","https://openalex.org/W2121927366","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2141957843","https://openalex.org/W2146578165","https://openalex.org/W2160956336","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2207282238","https://openalex.org/W2209692720","https://openalex.org/W2231495490","https://openalex.org/W2291143146","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2473431653","https://openalex.org/W2519373937","https://openalex.org/W2520808298","https://openalex.org/W2541060534","https://openalex.org/W2542965071","https://openalex.org/W2565215796","https://openalex.org/W2592939477","https://openalex.org/W2607372796","https://openalex.org/W2741137940","https://openalex.org/W2762613446","https://openalex.org/W2776654051","https://openalex.org/W2798724920","https://openalex.org/W2802247885","https://openalex.org/W2820727372","https://openalex.org/W2884569173","https://openalex.org/W2889140208","https://openalex.org/W2905825933","https://openalex.org/W2921488062","https://openalex.org/W2927736748","https://openalex.org/W2950650271","https://openalex.org/W2963422396","https://openalex.org/W2963452532","https://openalex.org/W2963676366","https://openalex.org/W2963767233","https://openalex.org/W2964046515","https://openalex.org/W2998437311","https://openalex.org/W3011440129","https://openalex.org/W3034972231","https://openalex.org/W3035133372","https://openalex.org/W3100824474","https://openalex.org/W3100866725","https://openalex.org/W3103294678","https://openalex.org/W3105273993","https://openalex.org/W3129376454","https://openalex.org/W3138063419","https://openalex.org/W4206567584","https://openalex.org/W4242059867","https://openalex.org/W4254020454","https://openalex.org/W4308831279","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6639138679","https://openalex.org/W6732491067","https://openalex.org/W6736791020","https://openalex.org/W6756444276","https://openalex.org/W6785270977"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2775347418","https://openalex.org/W1969923398","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2079911747"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Image":[0],"smoothing":[1,65,91],"is":[2],"a":[3,21,33,56,84],"prerequisite":[4],"for":[5],"many":[6],"computer":[7],"vision":[8],"and":[9,28,55,59,69,88,112,119,141,145],"graphics":[10],"applications.":[11],"In":[12],"this":[13,80],"article,":[14],"we":[15,45,82,96],"raise":[16],"an":[17],"intriguing":[18],"question":[19],"whether":[20],"dataset":[22,146],"that":[23],"semantically":[24],"describes":[25],"meaningful":[26],"structures":[27],"unimportant":[29],"details":[30,71],"can":[31],"facilitate":[32],"deep":[34],"learning":[35],"model":[36],"to":[37,106],"smooth":[38],"complex":[39],"natural":[40],"images.":[41],"To":[42,75],"answer":[43],"it,":[44],"generate":[46],"ground-truth":[47],"labels":[48],"from":[49],"easy":[50],"samples":[51,62],"by":[52,66],"candidate":[53],"generation":[54],"screening":[57],"test":[58],"synthesize":[60],"hard":[61],"in":[63,134],"structure-preserving":[64,89,142],"blending":[67],"intricate":[68],"multifarious":[70],"with":[72],"the":[73,98,108,129,132,138],"labels.":[74],"take":[76],"full":[77],"advantage":[78],"of":[79,125,131,136],"dataset,":[81],"present":[83],"joint":[85],"edge":[86],"detection":[87],"image":[90,139],"neural":[92],"network":[93],"(JESS-Net).":[94],"Moreover,":[95],"propose":[97],"distinctive":[99],"total":[100],"variation":[101],"loss":[102],"as":[103],"prior":[104],"knowledge":[105],"narrow":[107],"gap":[109],"between":[110],"synthetic":[111],"real":[113,120],"data.":[114],"Experiments":[115],"on":[116],"different":[117],"datasets":[118],"images":[121],"show":[122],"clear":[123],"improvements":[124],"our":[126],"method":[127],"over":[128],"state":[130],"arts":[133],"terms":[135],"both":[137],"cleanness":[140],"ability.":[143],"Code":[144],"are":[147],"available":[148],"at":[149],"https://github.com/YidFeng/Easy2Hard.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T08:04:53.788161","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
