{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3164529716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3082911","title":"Complementary Memtransistor-Based Multilayer Neural Networks for Online Supervised Learning Through (Anti-)Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity","display_name":"Complementary Memtransistor-Based Multilayer Neural Networks for Online Supervised Learning Through (Anti-)Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3164529716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3082911","mag":"3164529716","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34081587"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2021.3082911","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3082911","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059395980","display_name":"Yue Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1548-1284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yue Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091120947","display_name":"Nuo Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9989-3977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334877674","display_name":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02rvfjx92","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334877674","https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nuo Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), San Jose, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334877674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008633924","display_name":"Bin Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2417-983X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091074270","display_name":"Fuwei Zhuge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3673-2257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuwei Zhuge","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101715953","display_name":"Zijian Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8994-0255"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zijian Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069356593","display_name":"Xinchen Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9682-8918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinchen Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100421744","display_name":"Yi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1930-8550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022043246","display_name":"Yuhui He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0546-7692"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhui He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100607861","display_name":"Xiangshui Miao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5621-5495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangshui Miao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059395980"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9108,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73590014,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"11","first_page":"6640","last_page":"6651"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.861780047416687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7054070234298706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6815148591995239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spike","display_name":"Spike (software development)","score":0.6624209880828857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spike-timing-dependent-plasticity","display_name":"Spike-timing-dependent plasticity","score":0.6418436169624329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-rule","display_name":"Learning rule","score":0.59971684217453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5987111330032349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48663362860679626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervised-learning","display_name":"Supervised learning","score":0.4655419588088989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synapse","display_name":"Synapse","score":0.44827696681022644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiking-neural-network","display_name":"Spiking neural network","score":0.4190109968185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3223159909248352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synaptic-plasticity","display_name":"Synaptic plasticity","score":0.222010999917984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.2062828540802002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.08184036612510681}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.861780047416687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7054070234298706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6815148591995239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781390188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25203449","display_name":"Spike (software development)","level":2,"score":0.6624209880828857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159919123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7577157","display_name":"Spike-timing-dependent plasticity","level":4,"score":0.6418436169624329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779127903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510194","display_name":"Learning rule","level":3,"score":0.59971684217453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5987111330032349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48663362860679626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.4655419588088989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127445978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187181","display_name":"Synapse","level":2,"score":0.44827696681022644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.4190109968185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3223159909248352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98229152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1551556","display_name":"Synaptic plasticity","level":3,"score":0.222010999917984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.2062828540802002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.08184036612510681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069553","descriptor_name":"Supervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069553","descriptor_name":"Supervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069553","descriptor_name":"Supervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009473","descriptor_name":"Neuronal Plasticity","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009473","descriptor_name":"Neuronal Plasticity","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009473","descriptor_name":"Neuronal Plasticity","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013569","descriptor_name":"Synapses","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013569","descriptor_name":"Synapses","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013569","descriptor_name":"Synapses","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2021.3082911","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3082911","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34081587","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34081587","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1570411240","https://openalex.org/W1926340497","https://openalex.org/W1937359183","https://openalex.org/W1964773927","https://openalex.org/W1982449228","https://openalex.org/W2006370340","https://openalex.org/W2020676607","https://openalex.org/W2023345584","https://openalex.org/W2054113233","https://openalex.org/W2088192327","https://openalex.org/W2113420865","https://openalex.org/W2152637387","https://openalex.org/W2157335309","https://openalex.org/W2162827630","https://openalex.org/W2165639766","https://openalex.org/W2334364695","https://openalex.org/W2485907003","https://openalex.org/W2526646482","https://openalex.org/W2569813014","https://openalex.org/W2604443664","https://openalex.org/W2744312841","https://openalex.org/W2785141883","https://openalex.org/W2787653049","https://openalex.org/W2793945683","https://openalex.org/W2798878556","https://openalex.org/W2889463071","https://openalex.org/W2898323475","https://openalex.org/W2912471387","https://openalex.org/W2969276325","https://openalex.org/W3006628239","https://openalex.org/W3105270833"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2944910788","https://openalex.org/W4310007453","https://openalex.org/W3177394781","https://openalex.org/W4214864280","https://openalex.org/W4206030721","https://openalex.org/W2736237086","https://openalex.org/W4283688984","https://openalex.org/W3201928939","https://openalex.org/W4283692267","https://openalex.org/W2942803402"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"propose":[1],"a":[2],"complete":[3],"hardware-based":[4],"architecture":[5],"of":[6,24,36,53,93,112,144,162,166],"multilayer":[7],"neural":[8],"networks":[9],"(MNNs),":[10],"including":[11],"electronic":[12],"synapses,":[13],"neurons,":[14],"and":[15,38,109,140,146],"periphery":[16],"circuitry":[17],"to":[18,57,63,72,79],"implement":[19],"supervised":[20,27],"learning":[21,51,114],"(SL)":[22],"algorithm":[23],"extended":[25,83],"remote":[26],"method":[28],"(ReSuMe).":[29],"In":[30,101],"this":[31,102],"system,":[32],"complementary":[33],"(a":[34],"pair":[35],"n-":[37],"p-type)":[39],"memtransistors":[40],"(C-MTs)":[41],"are":[42,120],"used":[43],"as":[44],"an":[45],"electrical":[46],"synapse.":[47],"By":[48],"applying":[49],"the":[50,58,64,68,73,80,91,105,113,125,134,156,163],"rule":[52,71],"spike-timing-dependent":[54],"plasticity":[55],"(STDP)":[56],"memtransistor":[59,75,128],"connecting":[60,76],"presynaptic":[61,77],"neuron":[62,78],"output":[65],"one":[66],"whereas":[67],"contrary":[69],"anti-STDP":[70],"other":[74],"teacher":[81],"one,":[82],"ReSuMe":[84],"with":[85,124],"multiple":[86],"layers":[87],"is":[88],"realized":[89],"without":[90],"usage":[92],"those":[94],"complicated":[95],"supervising":[96],"modules":[97],"in":[98],"previous":[99],"approaches.":[100],"way,":[103],"both":[104],"C-MT-based":[106],"chip":[107],"area":[108],"power":[110],"consumption":[111],"circuit":[115],"for":[116],"weight":[117],"updating":[118],"operation":[119],"drastically":[121],"decreased":[122],"comparing":[123],"conventional":[126],"single":[127],"(S-MT)-based":[129],"designs.":[130],"Two":[131],"typical":[132],"benchmarks,":[133],"linearly":[135],"nonseparable":[136],"benchmark":[137],"XOR":[138],"problem":[139],"Mixed":[141],"National":[142],"Institute":[143],"Standards":[145],"Technology":[147],"database":[148],"(MNIST)":[149],"recognition":[150],"have":[151],"been":[152,170],"successfully":[153],"tackled":[154],"using":[155],"proposed":[157],"MNN":[158],"system":[159],"while":[160],"impact":[161],"nonideal":[164],"factors":[165],"realistic":[167],"devices":[168],"has":[169],"evaluated.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}