{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3153337649","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3072149","title":"Inferring Effective Connectivity Networks From fMRI Time Series With a Temporal Entropy-Score","display_name":"Inferring Effective Connectivity Networks From fMRI Time Series With a Temporal Entropy-Score","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3153337649","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3072149","mag":"3153337649","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33886478"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2021.3072149","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3072149","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066408605","display_name":"Jinduo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6264-0471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jinduo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Multimedia and Intelligent Software Technology, Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing Artificial Intelligence Institute, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Multimedia and Intelligent Software Technology, Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing Artificial Intelligence Institute, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035117617","display_name":"Junzhong Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6951-741X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junzhong Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Multimedia and Intelligent Software Technology, Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing Artificial Intelligence Institute, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Multimedia and Intelligent Software Technology, Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing Artificial Intelligence Institute, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048238468","display_name":"Guangxu Xun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7657-4305"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangxu Xun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013588572","display_name":"Aidong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9723-3246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aidong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066408605"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6051,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8965445,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"10","first_page":"5993","last_page":"6006"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9811999797821045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroinformatics","display_name":"Neuroinformatics","score":0.6640024185180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-magnetic-resonance-imaging","display_name":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging","score":0.6284597516059875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.606476366519928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-entropy","display_name":"Transfer entropy","score":0.6038773059844971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-entropy","display_name":"Conditional entropy","score":0.5891873836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroimaging","display_name":"Neuroimaging","score":0.5773850679397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/score","display_name":"Score","score":0.564765989780426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5102431774139404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5014562606811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.4524785280227661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4398404061794281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-function","display_name":"Brain function","score":0.41324660181999207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principle-of-maximum-entropy","display_name":"Principle of maximum entropy","score":0.3704746961593628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.34622716903686523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3348765969276428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.19300028681755066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1644754409790039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.10353842377662659}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205427263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931480","display_name":"Neuroinformatics","level":2,"score":0.6640024185180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779226451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903809","display_name":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.6284597516059875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.606476366519928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182049051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17147155","display_name":"Transfer entropy","level":3,"score":0.6038773059844971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101721835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q813908","display_name":"Conditional entropy","level":3,"score":0.5891873836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58693492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q551875","display_name":"Neuroimaging","level":2,"score":0.5773850679397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65660741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3952743","display_name":"Score","level":2,"score":0.564765989780426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5102431774139404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5014562606811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.4524785280227661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4398404061794281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018390542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073","display_name":"Brain function","level":2,"score":0.41324660181999207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9679016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417473","display_name":"Principle of maximum entropy","level":2,"score":0.3704746961593628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34622716903686523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3348765969276428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.19300028681755066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1644754409790039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.10353842377662659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001931","descriptor_name":"Brain Mapping","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001931","descriptor_name":"Brain Mapping","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001931","descriptor_name":"Brain Mapping","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009415","descriptor_name":"Nerve Net","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009415","descriptor_name":"Nerve Net","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009415","descriptor_name":"Nerve Net","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019277","descriptor_name":"Entropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019277","descriptor_name":"Entropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019277","descriptor_name":"Entropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2021.3072149","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3072149","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33886478","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33886478","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1658396367","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61672065","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321913","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323068","display_name":"Beijing Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W778103946","https://openalex.org/W1568555062","https://openalex.org/W1980639831","https://openalex.org/W1988949556","https://openalex.org/W1992461476","https://openalex.org/W2004026511","https://openalex.org/W2006240253","https://openalex.org/W2015822010","https://openalex.org/W2021981219","https://openalex.org/W2025186977","https://openalex.org/W2047323603","https://openalex.org/W2055037429","https://openalex.org/W2061564920","https://openalex.org/W2064109848","https://openalex.org/W2078204079","https://openalex.org/W2085423000","https://openalex.org/W2092939357","https://openalex.org/W2096410114","https://openalex.org/W2109198067","https://openalex.org/W2112938311","https://openalex.org/W2117663940","https://openalex.org/W2129999935","https://openalex.org/W2131729872","https://openalex.org/W2136271315","https://openalex.org/W2138905229","https://openalex.org/W2142857211","https://openalex.org/W2142858796","https://openalex.org/W2151226328","https://openalex.org/W2159985326","https://openalex.org/W2165190832","https://openalex.org/W2337323496","https://openalex.org/W2572409793","https://openalex.org/W2586262377","https://openalex.org/W2616940960","https://openalex.org/W2740437707","https://openalex.org/W2757072205","https://openalex.org/W2766694548","https://openalex.org/W2770999436","https://openalex.org/W2788891493","https://openalex.org/W2805346424","https://openalex.org/W2808437344","https://openalex.org/W2808914202","https://openalex.org/W2900790612","https://openalex.org/W2904523347","https://openalex.org/W2923917921","https://openalex.org/W2953034846","https://openalex.org/W2954682669","https://openalex.org/W2963180359","https://openalex.org/W2979539233","https://openalex.org/W2988850692","https://openalex.org/W2997098254","https://openalex.org/W2998537888","https://openalex.org/W3004864201","https://openalex.org/W3021849140","https://openalex.org/W3044779191","https://openalex.org/W3092082211","https://openalex.org/W6638073206","https://openalex.org/W6675038616","https://openalex.org/W6682361391","https://openalex.org/W6783965823"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2014286572","https://openalex.org/W2318472387","https://openalex.org/W2070922554","https://openalex.org/W2060326335","https://openalex.org/W2792006532","https://openalex.org/W1488510091","https://openalex.org/W2262158080","https://openalex.org/W4229064143","https://openalex.org/W2078559783","https://openalex.org/W3153337649"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Inferring":[0],"brain-effective":[1],"connectivity":[2,82],"networks":[3],"from":[4,50,83],"neuroimaging":[5],"data":[6,57,85,125],"has":[7],"become":[8,33],"a":[9,75],"very":[10],"hot":[11],"topic":[12],"in":[13,67],"neuroinformatics":[14],"and":[15,32,58,91,109,123],"bioinformatics.":[16],"In":[17,70],"recent":[18],"years,":[19],"the":[20,42,47,88,102,106,127],"search":[21],"methods":[22],"based":[23,86],"on":[24,87,120],"Bayesian":[25],"network":[26],"score":[27,44,77,100,132],"have":[28],"been":[29],"greatly":[30],"developed":[31],"an":[34],"emerging":[35],"method":[36],"for":[37,79],"inferring":[38,80],"effective":[39,81],"connectivity.":[40],"However,":[41],"previous":[43],"functions":[45],"ignore":[46],"temporal":[48,107],"information":[49,108],"functional":[51],"magnetic":[52],"resonance":[53],"imaging":[54],"(fMRI)":[55],"series":[56],"may":[59],"not":[60],"be":[61],"able":[62],"to":[63,104],"determine":[64],"all":[65],"orientations":[66],"some":[68],"cases.":[69],"this":[71],"article,":[72],"we":[73],"propose":[74],"novel":[76],"function":[78],"fMRI":[84],"conditional":[89],"entropy":[90,93],"transfer":[92],"(TE)":[94],"between":[95,115],"brain":[96,116],"regions.":[97,117],"The":[98],"new":[99],"employs":[101],"TE":[103],"capture":[105],"can":[110],"effectively":[111],"infer":[112],"connection":[113],"directions":[114],"Experimental":[118],"results":[119],"both":[121],"simulated":[122],"real-world":[124],"demonstrate":[126],"efficacy":[128],"of":[129],"our":[130],"proposed":[131],"function.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}