{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3152666233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3070707","title":"Deep Learning-Based 2-D Frequency Estimation of Multiple Sinusoidals","display_name":"Deep Learning-Based 2-D Frequency Estimation of Multiple Sinusoidals","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3152666233","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3070707","mag":"3152666233","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33852401"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2021.3070707","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3070707","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047825689","display_name":"Pingping Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1970-1280"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pingping Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1970-1280","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101898321","display_name":"Yunjian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0303-3671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunjian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0303-3671","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006947279","display_name":"Zhenmiao Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9054-6853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenmiao Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9054-6853","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044350392","display_name":"Qi Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4073-7598"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.976,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90544008,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"10","first_page":"5429","last_page":"5440"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upsampling","display_name":"Upsampling","score":0.7897917032241821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6899684071540833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain","display_name":"Frequency domain","score":0.6413062810897827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.631432056427002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5608019232749939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5197762846946716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.4692796468734741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.4566466212272644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.45568278431892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4504859149456024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44724172353744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.4461308419704437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.36489051580429077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.25297796726226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.21801120042800903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.1812777817249298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.17048370838165283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.10768541693687439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07902881503105164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110384440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143270","display_name":"Upsampling","level":3,"score":0.7897917032241821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6899684071540833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.6413062810897827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.631432056427002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5608019232749939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5197762846946716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.4692796468734741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.4566466212272644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.45568278431892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4504859149456024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44724172353744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.4461308419704437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.36489051580429077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.25297796726226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.21801120042800903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.1812777817249298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.17048370838165283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.10768541693687439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07902881503105164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2021.3070707","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3070707","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33852401","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33852401","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W210359992","https://openalex.org/W1603075283","https://openalex.org/W1978671687","https://openalex.org/W1983600173","https://openalex.org/W1988981738","https://openalex.org/W1993494692","https://openalex.org/W2001188690","https://openalex.org/W2054236696","https://openalex.org/W2066218102","https://openalex.org/W2103525693","https://openalex.org/W2106515821","https://openalex.org/W2107710410","https://openalex.org/W2112684063","https://openalex.org/W2113638573","https://openalex.org/W2119961604","https://openalex.org/W2128131274","https://openalex.org/W2130768863","https://openalex.org/W2130991928","https://openalex.org/W2142024259","https://openalex.org/W2156893865","https://openalex.org/W2166732227","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2623047318","https://openalex.org/W2887774709","https://openalex.org/W2889175966","https://openalex.org/W2897361856","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2936689732","https://openalex.org/W2937088548","https://openalex.org/W2939051810","https://openalex.org/W2962683884","https://openalex.org/W2962866891","https://openalex.org/W2969829810","https://openalex.org/W2971811912","https://openalex.org/W2978150909","https://openalex.org/W2990598036","https://openalex.org/W3003798838","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6763299402","https://openalex.org/W6903661888"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2062399876","https://openalex.org/W2607795551","https://openalex.org/W3155117723","https://openalex.org/W1991429770","https://openalex.org/W1983892167","https://openalex.org/W2281134365","https://openalex.org/W4310746709","https://openalex.org/W4385574037","https://openalex.org/W4386075645","https://openalex.org/W4306309518"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Frequency":[0,124],"estimation":[1,127,160],"of":[2,58,76,136,149,155],"2-D":[3,39,46,55,118],"multicomponent":[4],"sinusoidal":[5],"signals":[6,68,71,110],"is":[7],"a":[8],"fundamental":[9],"issue":[10],"in":[11,19,111,153],"the":[12,27,43,50,54,59,64,74,99,104,109,112,132,137,146,150],"statistical":[13],"signal":[14],"processing":[15],"community":[16],"that":[17],"arises":[18],"various":[20],"disciplines.":[21],"In":[22],"this":[23],"article,":[24],"we":[25,93],"extend":[26],"DeepFreq":[28,52],"model":[29],"by":[30,130],"modifying":[31],"its":[32,156],"network":[33,77],"architecture":[34,152],"and":[35,72,83,120,125,134,159],"apply":[36],"it":[37],"to":[38,69,89,102,117,144],"signals.":[40],"We":[41,140],"name":[42],"proposed":[44,151],"framework":[45],"ResFreq.":[47],"Compared":[48],"with":[49],"original":[51],"framework,":[53],"convolutional":[56],"implementation":[57],"matched":[60],"filtering":[61],"module":[62],"facilitates":[63],"transformation":[65],"from":[66],"time-domain":[67],"frequency-domain":[70],"reduces":[73],"number":[75],"parameters.":[78],"The":[79],"additional":[80],"upsampling":[81],"layer":[82],"stacked":[84],"residual":[85],"blocks":[86],"are":[87,115,128],"designed":[88],"perform":[90],"superresolution.":[91],"Moreover,":[92],"introduce":[94],"frequency":[95,122],"amplitude":[96,105,126],"information":[97],"into":[98],"optimization":[100],"function":[101],"improve":[103],"accuracy.":[106,161],"After":[107],"training,":[108],"test":[113],"set":[114],"forward-mapped":[116],"accurate":[119],"high-resolution":[121],"representations.":[123],"achieved":[129],"measuring":[131],"locations":[133],"strengths":[135],"spectral":[138],"peaks.":[139],"conduct":[141],"numerical":[142],"experiments":[143],"demonstrate":[145],"superior":[147],"performance":[148],"terms":[154],"superresolution":[157],"capability":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-20T22:02:38.213706","created_date":"2021-04-26T00:00:00"}