{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3145608311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3067441","title":"iPool\u2014Information-Based Pooling in Hierarchical Graph Neural Networks","display_name":"iPool\u2014Information-Based Pooling in Hierarchical Graph Neural Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3145608311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3067441","mag":"3145608311","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33788695"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2021.3067441","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3067441","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/290942","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100622643","display_name":"Xing Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8458-7483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8458-7483","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045342512","display_name":"Wenrui Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2522-5778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenrui Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2522-5778","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100675587","display_name":"Chenglin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2888-594X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenglin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2888-594X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002494284","display_name":"Hongkai Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4552-0029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongkai Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4552-0029","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000947076","display_name":"Pascal Frossard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4010-714X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pascal Frossard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS4), &#x00C9;cole Polytechnique F&#x00E9;d&#x00E9;rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4010-714X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS4), &#x00C9;cole Polytechnique F&#x00E9;d&#x00E9;rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6404,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95454746,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"9","first_page":"5032","last_page":"5044"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.7886691689491272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6273739337921143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.5692194700241089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph-property","display_name":"Graph property","score":0.48542818427085876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4476357400417328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph-isomorphism","display_name":"Graph isomorphism","score":0.43446996808052063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35018569231033325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3329160809516907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line-graph","display_name":"Line graph","score":0.28214791417121887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-graph","display_name":"Voltage graph","score":0.277058869600296}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.7886691689491272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6273739337921143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5692194700241089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64339825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q722659","display_name":"Graph property","level":5,"score":0.48542818427085876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4476357400417328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61665672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q303100","display_name":"Graph isomorphism","level":4,"score":0.43446996808052063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35018569231033325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3329160809516907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203776342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1378376","display_name":"Line graph","level":3,"score":0.28214791417121887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22149727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7940747","display_name":"Voltage graph","level":4,"score":0.277058869600296}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2021.3067441","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3067441","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33788695","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33788695","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:290942","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/290942","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"WoS","raw_type":"research article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:290942","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/290942","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"WoS","raw_type":"research article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3425091141","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871267","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3438946646","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61932022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3628871441","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61720106001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G510744082","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61831018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5326461368","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61971285","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6393920532","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61972256","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7031659661","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"91838303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8700549466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61931023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501565421","https://openalex.org/W1501856433","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1662382123","https://openalex.org/W1866618235","https://openalex.org/W2011601876","https://openalex.org/W2070232376","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2116341502","https://openalex.org/W2118246710","https://openalex.org/W2132914434","https://openalex.org/W2135957668","https://openalex.org/W2150120952","https://openalex.org/W2162931300","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2558748708","https://openalex.org/W2606202972","https://openalex.org/W2606780347","https://openalex.org/W2788919350","https://openalex.org/W2796431263","https://openalex.org/W2804057010","https://openalex.org/W2899771611","https://openalex.org/W2907079035","https://openalex.org/W2939208918","https://openalex.org/W2951659295","https://openalex.org/W2951774052","https://openalex.org/W2962711740","https://openalex.org/W2963066159","https://openalex.org/W2963084622","https://openalex.org/W2963716836","https://openalex.org/W2964015378","https://openalex.org/W2964113829","https://openalex.org/W2964145825","https://openalex.org/W2964321699","https://openalex.org/W2979750740","https://openalex.org/W3007332492","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W4287829537","https://openalex.org/W4288358813","https://openalex.org/W4294558607","https://openalex.org/W4297733535","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637178625","https://openalex.org/W6683965311","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6685265622","https://openalex.org/W6685350579","https://openalex.org/W6713582119","https://openalex.org/W6720006811","https://openalex.org/W6726873649","https://openalex.org/W6734490199","https://openalex.org/W6736685754","https://openalex.org/W6738964360","https://openalex.org/W6752110883","https://openalex.org/W6753331806","https://openalex.org/W6754929296","https://openalex.org/W6756040250","https://openalex.org/W6757634740","https://openalex.org/W6758068992","https://openalex.org/W6761665040","https://openalex.org/W6763912176","https://openalex.org/W6787972765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3015684221","https://openalex.org/W4317940434","https://openalex.org/W3200877167","https://openalex.org/W2970482593","https://openalex.org/W2013054747","https://openalex.org/W3202093591","https://openalex.org/W4389544142","https://openalex.org/W2962711740","https://openalex.org/W2894175828","https://openalex.org/W3023810035"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0,107],"the":[1,6,53,60,63,100,108,123,156],"advent":[2],"of":[3,8,22,46,125,127,168,188],"data":[4,12,170,192,198],"science,":[5],"analysis":[7],"network":[9],"or":[10,40,179],"graph":[11,38,57,115,183,190,197],"has":[13,79],"become":[14],"a":[15,36,41,90,119,186],"very":[16],"timely":[17],"research":[18],"problem.":[19],"A":[20],"variety":[21],"recent":[23],"works":[24],"have":[25],"been":[26,80],"proposed":[27,175],"to":[28,32,56,98,121,138],"generalize":[29],"neural":[30],"networks":[31],"graphs,":[33],"either":[34],"from":[35],"spectral":[37],"theory":[39],"spatial":[42],"perspective.":[43],"The":[44,159,174],"majority":[45],"these":[47],"works,":[48],"however,":[49],"focus":[50],"on":[51,171,185],"adapting":[52],"convolution":[54],"operator":[55,65],"representation.":[58],"At":[59],"same":[61],"time,":[62],"pooling":[64,92,157],"also":[66],"plays":[67],"an":[68,164],"important":[69],"role":[70],"in":[71,104,155,182],"distilling":[72],"multiscale":[73],"and":[74,133,150,194],"hierarchical":[75,161],"representations,":[76],"but":[77],"it":[78],"mostly":[81],"overlooked":[82],"so":[83],"far.":[84],"In":[85],"this":[86],"article,":[87],"we":[88,117],"propose":[89,118],"parameter-free":[91],"operator,":[93],"called":[94],"iPool,":[95],"that":[96,110],"permits":[97],"retain":[99],"most":[101],"informative":[102,111],"features":[103],"arbitrary":[105,172],"graphs.":[106],"argument":[109],"nodes":[112,147],"dominantly":[113],"characterize":[114],"signals,":[116],"criterion":[120,144],"evaluate":[122],"amount":[124],"information":[126],"each":[128],"node":[129],"given":[130],"its":[131,136],"neighbors":[132],"theoretically":[134],"demonstrate":[135],"relationship":[137],"neighborhood":[139],"conditional":[140],"entropy.":[141],"This":[142],"new":[143],"determines":[145],"how":[146],"are":[148,153],"selected":[149],"coarsened":[151],"graphs":[152],"constructed":[154],"layer.":[158],"resulting":[160],"structure":[162],"yields":[163],"effective":[165],"isomorphism-invariant":[166],"representation":[167],"networked":[169],"topologies.":[173],"strategy":[176],"achieves":[177],"superior":[178],"competitive":[180],"performance":[181],"classification":[184],"collection":[187],"public":[189],"benchmark":[191],"sets":[193],"superpixel-induced":[195],"image":[196],"sets.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
