{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3127907513","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3055734","title":"Global Negative Correlation Learning: A Unified Framework for Global Optimization of Ensemble Models","display_name":"Global Negative Correlation Learning: A Unified Framework for Global Optimization of Ensemble Models","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3127907513","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3055734","mag":"3127907513","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33571099"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2021.3055734","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3055734","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053253844","display_name":"Carlos Perales-Gonz\u00e1lez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7874-913X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I243381257","display_name":"Universidad Loyola Andaluc\u00eda","ror":"https://ror.org/0075gfd51","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I243381257"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Perales-Gonzalez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Quantitative Methods, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Córdoba, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Quantitative Methods, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Córdoba, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I243381257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032236580","display_name":"Francisco Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Navarro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5599-6170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I243381257","display_name":"Universidad Loyola Andaluc\u00eda","ror":"https://ror.org/0075gfd51","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I243381257"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco Fernandez-Navarro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Quantitative Methods, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Córdoba, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Quantitative Methods, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Córdoba, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I243381257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084045779","display_name":"Mariano Carbonero-Ruz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3202-9073"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I243381257","display_name":"Universidad Loyola Andaluc\u00eda","ror":"https://ror.org/0075gfd51","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I243381257"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariano Carbonero-Ruz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Quantitative Methods, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Córdoba, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Quantitative Methods, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Córdoba, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I243381257"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043133854","display_name":"Javier P\u00e9rez-Rodr\u00edguez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0437-3264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I243381257","display_name":"Universidad Loyola Andaluc\u00eda","ror":"https://ror.org/0075gfd51","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I243381257"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javier Perez-Rodriguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Quantitative Methods, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Córdoba, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Quantitative Methods, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Córdoba, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I243381257"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053253844"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I243381257"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5398,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85603004,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"8","first_page":"4031","last_page":"4042"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.8442792892456055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6096162796020508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5683423280715942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-forecasting","display_name":"Ensemble forecasting","score":0.5454980134963989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5171682238578796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation","display_name":"Correlation","score":0.48364222049713135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.47587886452674866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basis","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","score":0.4617725610733032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression","display_name":"Regression","score":0.4322943687438965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.4258318543434143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.26637759804725647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12782752513885498}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.8442792892456055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6096162796020508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5683423280715942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119898033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433888","display_name":"Ensemble forecasting","level":2,"score":0.5454980134963989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5171682238578796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.48364222049713135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.47587886452674866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12426560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4617725610733032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.4322943687438965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.4258318543434143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26637759804725647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12782752513885498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2021.3055734","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3055734","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33571099","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33571099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8393743671","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ENE2017-88889-C2-1-R","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1565746575","https://openalex.org/W1966693523","https://openalex.org/W1968969471","https://openalex.org/W1975000439","https://openalex.org/W2026131661","https://openalex.org/W2041970641","https://openalex.org/W2061082730","https://openalex.org/W2061119986","https://openalex.org/W2081808304","https://openalex.org/W2091825929","https://openalex.org/W2104664243","https://openalex.org/W2106589867","https://openalex.org/W2113242816","https://openalex.org/W2116374865","https://openalex.org/W2124951716","https://openalex.org/W2140229565","https://openalex.org/W2145833756","https://openalex.org/W2149846618","https://openalex.org/W2151447451","https://openalex.org/W2158875652","https://openalex.org/W2158896888","https://openalex.org/W2159682675","https://openalex.org/W2793463287","https://openalex.org/W2798489385","https://openalex.org/W2896187249","https://openalex.org/W2963286056","https://openalex.org/W2964017153","https://openalex.org/W2964161291","https://openalex.org/W2975221988","https://openalex.org/W3000205767","https://openalex.org/W3120740533","https://openalex.org/W4212883601","https://openalex.org/W4297729082","https://openalex.org/W6602983006","https://openalex.org/W6636308168","https://openalex.org/W6637572315","https://openalex.org/W6678735051","https://openalex.org/W6679154154","https://openalex.org/W6683661786","https://openalex.org/W6756285031"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2794896638","https://openalex.org/W1807784185","https://openalex.org/W45170056","https://openalex.org/W3202800081","https://openalex.org/W1909207154","https://openalex.org/W3124390867","https://openalex.org/W3101614107","https://openalex.org/W3204228978","https://openalex.org/W1514365828","https://openalex.org/W3036530763"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ensembles":[0],"are":[1],"a":[2,48,116],"widely":[3],"implemented":[4],"approach":[5],"in":[6,29,53,59],"the":[7,18,21,30,38,41,60,64,75,91,95,100,103,108,111,129,132,137,147,154,158,167,174,213],"machine":[8],"learning":[9,69,124],"community":[10],"and":[11,88,157,199],"their":[12],"success":[13],"is":[14,47,56,73,163,192],"traditionally":[15],"attributed":[16],"to":[17],"diversity":[19,28,55],"within":[20,79],"ensemble.":[22,113],"Most":[23],"of":[24,40,50,63,82,97,99,102,106,110,131,136,140,149,169],"these":[25],"approaches":[26],"foster":[27],"ensemble":[31,51,71,104,118,134,190,207],"by":[32,36,194],"data":[33,201],"sampling":[34],"or":[35],"modifying":[37],"structure":[39],"constituent":[42],"models.":[43],"Despite":[44],"this,":[45],"there":[46],"family":[49],"models":[52],"which":[54,126],"explicitly":[57],"promoted":[58],"error":[61,160],"function":[62,161],"individuals.":[65],"The":[66,188],"negative":[67,122],"correlation":[68,123],"(NCL)":[70],"framework":[72,92,156,176,191],"probably":[74],"most":[76],"well-known":[77],"algorithm":[78],"this":[80],"group":[81],"methods.":[83],"This":[84],"article":[85],"analyzes":[86],"NCL":[87,155],"reveals":[89],"that":[90,210],"actually":[93],"minimizes":[94],"combination":[96],"errors":[98],"individuals":[101],"instead":[105,135],"minimizing":[107],"residuals":[109],"final":[112],"We":[114],"propose":[115],"novel":[117],"framework,":[119],"named":[120],"global":[121,133,159],"(GNCL),":[125],"focuses":[127],"on":[128,153],"optimization":[130],"individual":[138],"fitness":[139],"its":[141],"components.":[142],"An":[143],"analytical":[144],"solution":[145],"for":[146,181],"parameters":[148],"base":[150],"regressors":[151],"based":[152],"proposed":[162,189],"also":[164,178],"provided":[165],"under":[166],"assumption":[168],"fixed":[170],"basis":[171,186],"functions":[172],"(although":[173],"general":[175],"could":[177],"be":[179],"instantiated":[180],"neural":[182],"networks":[183],"with":[184,197,204],"nonfixed":[185],"functions).":[187],"evaluated":[193],"extensive":[195],"experiments":[196],"regression":[198],"classification":[200],"sets.":[202],"Comparisons":[203],"other":[205],"state-of-the-art":[206],"methods":[208],"confirm":[209],"GNCL":[211],"yields":[212],"best":[214],"overall":[215],"performance.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-11T08:14:18.477133","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}