{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3122894915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3051019","title":"Explicit Duration Recurrent Networks","display_name":"Explicit Duration Recurrent Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3122894915","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3051019","mag":"3122894915","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33497341"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2021.3051019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3051019","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/5962385/9816060/09336287.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/5962385/9816060/09336287.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100768971","display_name":"Shun\u2010Zheng Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7797-9224"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shun-Zheng Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100768971"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6799,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86569241,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"7","first_page":"3120","last_page":"3130"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.936265230178833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.7414548397064209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7378442287445068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duration","display_name":"Duration (music)","score":0.5885134339332581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.5489131808280945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5446611642837524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-semi-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden semi-Markov model","score":0.5144074559211731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dwell-time","display_name":"Dwell time","score":0.5132572650909424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","score":0.4549819827079773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.33063918352127075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.32802537083625793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-model","display_name":"Markov model","score":0.3038082718849182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.28458571434020996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2822303771972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-property","display_name":"Markov property","score":0.11278104782104492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.936265230178833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.7414548397064209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7378442287445068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112758219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16038819","display_name":"Duration (music)","level":2,"score":0.5885134339332581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5489131808280945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5446611642837524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64939953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3859882","display_name":"Hidden semi-Markov model","level":5,"score":0.5144074559211731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151637689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5318064","display_name":"Dwell time","level":2,"score":0.5132572650909424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4549819827079773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.33063918352127075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.32802537083625793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163836022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6771326","display_name":"Markov model","level":3,"score":0.3038082718849182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.28458571434020996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2822303771972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189973286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176695","display_name":"Markov property","level":4,"score":0.11278104782104492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057567","descriptor_name":"Memory, Long-Term","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D057567","descriptor_name":"Memory, Long-Term","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2021.3051019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3051019","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/5962385/9816060/09336287.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33497341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33497341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2021.3051019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2021.3051019","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/5962385/9816060/09336287.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1477544716","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Guangdong","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4207269164","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"17B030","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4222782758","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1636118","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4314161557","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61972431","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5979277515","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017B010125003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6274881497","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017B030306015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8208342437","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1 and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3122894915.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3122894915.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1598796236","https://openalex.org/W1850815485","https://openalex.org/W1924770834","https://openalex.org/W1973720487","https://openalex.org/W1997449813","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2089149934","https://openalex.org/W2100649405","https://openalex.org/W2117671523","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2293634267","https://openalex.org/W2336960397","https://openalex.org/W2744039444","https://openalex.org/W2746554716","https://openalex.org/W2747135936","https://openalex.org/W2755236197","https://openalex.org/W2895760214","https://openalex.org/W2956083712","https://openalex.org/W4301225909","https://openalex.org/W4303633609","https://openalex.org/W6635679246","https://openalex.org/W6640212811","https://openalex.org/W6684821475","https://openalex.org/W6757180019"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2131524408","https://openalex.org/W2139943858","https://openalex.org/W2032015827","https://openalex.org/W2015486022","https://openalex.org/W2106368941","https://openalex.org/W2022002249","https://openalex.org/W10689990","https://openalex.org/W2350570058","https://openalex.org/W1983110199","https://openalex.org/W2159323669"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recurrent":[0],"neural":[1],"networks":[2],"(RNNs)":[3],"can":[4,111,128,166],"be":[5,129,167],"used":[6,130],"to":[7,18,27,30,84,96,131,146,171],"operate":[8],"over":[9],"sequences":[10],"of":[11,21,36,118,152,179],"vectors":[12],"and":[13,64,110,127,148,164],"have":[14],"been":[15],"successfully":[16],"applied":[17],"a":[19,70,86,97,104],"variety":[20],"problems.":[22],"However,":[23],"it":[24],"is":[25,144],"hard":[26],"use":[28],"RNNs":[29,139],"model":[31,75,100,113,123],"the":[32,37,49,119,137,150,159,177,180],"variable":[33],"dwell":[34],"time":[35],"hidden":[38,73,98,120],"state":[39],"underlying":[40],"an":[41],"input":[42],"sequence.":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45,79],"article,":[46],"we":[47,81],"interpret":[48],"typical":[50],"RNNs,":[51,161],"including":[52,162],"original":[53],"RNN,":[54,88],"standard":[55],"long":[56],"short-term":[57],"memory":[58],"(LSTM),":[59],"peephole":[60],"LSTM,":[61,63],"projected":[62],"gated":[65],"recurrent":[66,92],"unit":[67],"(GRU),":[68],"using":[69],"slightly":[71],"extended":[72],"Markov":[74],"(HMM).":[76],"Based":[77],"on":[78],"interpretation,":[80],"are":[82],"motivated":[83],"propose":[85],"novel":[87],"called":[89],"explicit":[90],"duration":[91,115],"network":[93],"(EDRN),":[94],"analog":[95],"semi-Markov":[99],"(HSMM).":[101],"It":[102],"has":[103],"better":[105],"performance":[106,174],"than":[107],"conventional":[108,138,160],"LSTMs":[109],"explicitly":[112],"any":[114],"distribution":[116],"function":[117],"state.":[121],"The":[122,154],"parameters":[124,178],"become":[125],"interpretable":[126],"infer":[132],"many":[133],"other":[134],"quantities":[135],"that":[136,158],"cannot":[140],"obtain.":[141],"Therefore,":[142],"EDRN":[143],"expected":[145],"extend":[147],"enrich":[149],"applications":[151],"RNNs.":[153],"interpretation":[155],"also":[156],"suggests":[157],"LSTM":[163],"GRU,":[165],"made":[168],"small":[169],"modifications":[170],"improve":[172],"their":[173],"without":[175],"increasing":[176],"networks.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}