{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3008354258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2020.2969483","title":"From Discriminant to Complete: Reinforcement Searching-Agent Learning for Weakly Supervised Object Detection","display_name":"From Discriminant to Complete: Reinforcement Searching-Agent Learning for Weakly Supervised Object Detection","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3008354258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2020.2969483","mag":"3008354258","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32092016"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2020.2969483","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2020.2969483","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101954574","display_name":"Dingwen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8369-8886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dingwen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Machine-Electronical Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","School of Machine-Electronical Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8369-8886","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Machine-Electronical Engineering, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Machine-Electronical Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012529382","display_name":"Junwei Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5545-7217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junwei Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5545-7217","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101850043","display_name":"L. Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8921-8564"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101534700","display_name":"Tao Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1627-3092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2004,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96548726,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"12","first_page":"5549","last_page":"5560"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.8678897023200989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7615673542022705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7495561838150024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.7010427713394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.696645975112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6004956364631653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5512415766716003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.5064462423324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4749707877635956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.46008801460266113}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.8678897023200989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7615673542022705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7495561838150024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.7010427713394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.696645975112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6004956364631653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5512415766716003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.5064462423324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4749707877635956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.46008801460266113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2020.2969483","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2020.2969483","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32092016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32092016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3586269372","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u7a00\u758f\u8868\u793a\u548c\u89c6\u89c9\u6ce8\u610f\u673a\u5236\u7684\u591a\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u56fe\u50cf/\u89c6\u9891\u878d\u5408","funder_award_id":"61773301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4749162765","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u7a33\u5065\u5b66\u4e60\u673a\u5236\u7684\u590d\u6742\u573a\u666f\u5f31\u76d1\u7763\u76ee\u6807\u68c0\u6d4b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61876140","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8920716952","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFB1002201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321392","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32403112","https://openalex.org/W318792885","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1575299770","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1757796397","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2020477327","https://openalex.org/W2037227137","https://openalex.org/W2061629163","https://openalex.org/W2088049833","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2099528205","https://openalex.org/W2106841609","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2124351162","https://openalex.org/W2133324800","https://openalex.org/W2133515615","https://openalex.org/W2141399712","https://openalex.org/W2147347517","https://openalex.org/W2171240872","https://openalex.org/W2179488730","https://openalex.org/W2248800885","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2441255125","https://openalex.org/W2494236530","https://openalex.org/W2519284461","https://openalex.org/W2551640181","https://openalex.org/W2559348937","https://openalex.org/W2572591920","https://openalex.org/W2604260814","https://openalex.org/W2606831796","https://openalex.org/W2738318237","https://openalex.org/W2739342838","https://openalex.org/W2755686789","https://openalex.org/W2783231089","https://openalex.org/W2796347433","https://openalex.org/W2798269247","https://openalex.org/W2799256316","https://openalex.org/W2813911573","https://openalex.org/W2889081631","https://openalex.org/W2890148520","https://openalex.org/W2892515961","https://openalex.org/W2895236117","https://openalex.org/W2899455150","https://openalex.org/W2939217524","https://openalex.org/W2951303555","https://openalex.org/W2953981431","https://openalex.org/W2962849746","https://openalex.org/W2963393566","https://openalex.org/W2963603913","https://openalex.org/W2963650529","https://openalex.org/W2963670239","https://openalex.org/W2963791342","https://openalex.org/W2963795442","https://openalex.org/W2963943295","https://openalex.org/W2963949812","https://openalex.org/W2964006217","https://openalex.org/W2964211037","https://openalex.org/W3103757879","https://openalex.org/W4289376774","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W4298857966","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6637967152","https://openalex.org/W6639102338","https://openalex.org/W6639949747","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6675803743","https://openalex.org/W6680834391","https://openalex.org/W6729805386","https://openalex.org/W6731833559","https://openalex.org/W6750227808","https://openalex.org/W6754857033","https://openalex.org/W6764976746"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2965546495","https://openalex.org/W4389116644","https://openalex.org/W2153315159","https://openalex.org/W3103844505","https://openalex.org/W259157601","https://openalex.org/W4205463238","https://openalex.org/W2761785940","https://openalex.org/W4390721878","https://openalex.org/W4292830139","https://openalex.org/W4319309705"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Weakly":[0],"supervised":[1],"object":[2,28,66,72,89,130,137,170,179],"detection":[3],"(WSOD)":[4],"is":[5,18],"an":[6],"interesting":[7],"yet":[8],"challenging":[9],"task":[10],"in":[11],"the":[12,21,26,31,47,53,64,70,99,109,123,128,133,141,147,152,164,178,181,191,196,204,218,222,232],"computer":[13],"vision":[14],"community.":[15],"The":[16],"core":[17],"to":[19,81,85,167],"discover":[20],"image":[22,206],"regions":[23,51,60,90,131,171],"that":[24,199,215],"contain":[25,63],"complete":[27,71,169],"instances":[29],"under":[30,91,111,122,180],"image-level":[32],"supervision.":[33],"Existing":[34],"works":[35],"usually":[36,61],"solve":[37],"this":[38,76,78],"problem":[39],"via":[40],"a":[41,83,92,103,112,120,173],"proposal":[42],"selection":[43],"strategy,":[44],"which":[45],"selects":[46],"most":[48],"discriminative":[49,65,136,175],"box":[50],"from":[52,172,190,195,203],"weakly":[54],"labeled":[55],"training":[56,144],"images.":[57],"However,":[58],"these":[59],"only":[62],"parts":[67,138],"rather":[68],"than":[69,231],"instances.":[73],"To":[74,117],"address":[75],"problem,":[77],"article":[79],"proposes":[80],"learn":[82,108,118],"searching-agent":[84,110,121,220],"gradually":[86],"mine":[87],"desirable":[88],"region":[93],"searching":[94,100,165,202],"paradigm,":[95],"where":[96],"we":[97,126,226],"formulate":[98],"process":[101,106,150,166],"as":[102],"Markov":[104],"decision":[105],"and":[107,132,139,184,235],"deep":[113],"reinforcement":[114,148],"learning":[115,149,155,192],"framework.":[116],"such":[119],"weak":[124,182],"supervision,":[125],"extract":[127],"pseudo-complete":[129],"corresponding":[134],"local":[135],"introduce":[140],"obtained":[142],"pseudo-target-part":[143],"pairs":[145],"into":[146],"of":[151,177],"search-agent.":[153],"This":[154],"strategy":[156],"has":[157],"twofold":[158],"advantages:":[159],"1)":[160],"it":[161,186],"can":[162,227],"mimic":[163],"reveal":[168],"certain":[174],"part":[176],"supervision":[183],"2)":[185],"will":[187],"not":[188],"suffer":[189],"difficulty":[193],"arise":[194],"long-action":[197],"sequence":[198],"happens":[200],"when":[201],"entire":[205],"range.":[207],"Comprehensive":[208],"experiments":[209],"on":[210],"benchmark":[211],"data":[212],"sets":[213],"demonstrate":[214],"by":[216],"integrating":[217],"learned":[219],"with":[221],"existing":[223],"WSOD":[224],"method,":[225],"achieve":[228],"better":[229],"performance":[230],"other":[233],"state-of-the-art":[234],"baseline":[236],"methods.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-07-27T08:26:11.824852","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}