{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2972614050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2019.2935027","title":"Sparse Manifold-Regularized Neural Networks for Polarimetric SAR Terrain Classification","display_name":"Sparse Manifold-Regularized Neural Networks for Polarimetric SAR Terrain Classification","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2972614050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2019.2935027","mag":"2972614050","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31536019"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2019.2935027","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2019.2935027","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100757725","display_name":"Hongying Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8475-2749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hongying Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067858777","display_name":"Fanhua Shang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1040-352X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fanhua Shang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100764373","display_name":"Shuyuan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4796-5737"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuyuan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091227928","display_name":"Maoguo Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0415-8556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maoguo Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102864801","display_name":"Tianwen Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9261-213X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianwen Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050630882","display_name":"Licheng Jiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Licheng Jiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding, Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100757725"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":31.2451,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9926795,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"8","first_page":"3007","last_page":"3016"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.6865371465682983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6407179236412048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6323267221450806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5983385443687439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5543896555900574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regularization","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","score":0.5254858136177063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5254349112510681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4514526128768921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.42201143503189087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.6865371465682983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6407179236412048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6323267221450806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5983385443687439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5543896555900574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5254858136177063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5254349112510681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4514526128768921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.42201143503189087}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2019.2935027","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2019.2935027","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:31536019","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31536019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1725003993","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61621005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1753466044","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10251180019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323230","funder_display_name":"Xidian University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2552413355","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1701267","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2559168354","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"91438201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G333855296","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61876220","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4562403033","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61876221","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4674162289","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20101195989","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5119535798","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10251180018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323230","funder_display_name":"Xidian University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6270178909","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61836009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6936481620","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61976164","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7595559387","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1730109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7752695167","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"91438103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323230","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332375","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1421632428","https://openalex.org/W1696305814","https://openalex.org/W1966877687","https://openalex.org/W1967455454","https://openalex.org/W1967932897","https://openalex.org/W1978626680","https://openalex.org/W1981539283","https://openalex.org/W1988723788","https://openalex.org/W1991268013","https://openalex.org/W1997697154","https://openalex.org/W2003624660","https://openalex.org/W2008826820","https://openalex.org/W2015695644","https://openalex.org/W2017453188","https://openalex.org/W2018775529","https://openalex.org/W2021108108","https://openalex.org/W2025064394","https://openalex.org/W2030069630","https://openalex.org/W2036285176","https://openalex.org/W2052190325","https://openalex.org/W2072128103","https://openalex.org/W2083436148","https://openalex.org/W2097272115","https://openalex.org/W2119531662","https://openalex.org/W2136540140","https://openalex.org/W2152214791","https://openalex.org/W2213609258","https://openalex.org/W2221448138","https://openalex.org/W2243090692","https://openalex.org/W2295125894","https://openalex.org/W2313573380","https://openalex.org/W2314969669","https://openalex.org/W2339611261","https://openalex.org/W2402727206","https://openalex.org/W2427629981","https://openalex.org/W2492018752","https://openalex.org/W2547092028","https://openalex.org/W2547597110","https://openalex.org/W2549796057","https://openalex.org/W2559324447","https://openalex.org/W2883305476","https://openalex.org/W2964185543","https://openalex.org/W4231109964","https://openalex.org/W6648047361","https://openalex.org/W6688434882","https://openalex.org/W6713364743","https://openalex.org/W6717893388"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3135697610","https://openalex.org/W2085033728","https://openalex.org/W4285411112","https://openalex.org/W2171299904","https://openalex.org/W1647606319","https://openalex.org/W2922442631","https://openalex.org/W4390494008","https://openalex.org/W2053596378","https://openalex.org/W2095030957","https://openalex.org/W2066827917"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"article,":[2],"a":[3,32,103,146],"new":[4],"deep":[5,34],"neural":[6,35],"network":[7,36],"based":[8],"on":[9,53,119],"sparse":[10],"filtering":[11],"and":[12,21,67,74,85,106,121],"manifold":[13,94,108],"regularization":[14,109],"(DSMR)":[15],"is":[16,56],"proposed":[17],"for":[18,142],"feature":[19],"extraction":[20],"classification":[22,135],"of":[23,90,114,149],"polarimetric":[24],"synthetic":[25],"aperture":[26],"radar":[27],"(PolSAR)":[28],"data.":[29,45],"DSMR":[30,69,132],"uses":[31,70],"novel":[33],"(DNN)":[37],"to":[38,58,80,101],"automatically":[39],"learn":[40,81],"features":[41,84],"from":[42,126],"raw":[43],"SAR":[44,128],"During":[46],"preprocessing,":[47],"the":[48,65,71,75,82,87,107,112],"spatial":[49],"information":[50],"between":[51],"pixels":[52],"PolSAR":[54,123],"images":[55],"exploited":[57],"weight":[59],"each":[60],"data":[61,91,124,143],"sample.":[62],"Then,":[63],"in":[64],"pretraining":[66],"fine-tuning,":[68],"population":[72],"sparsity":[73,77,98],"lifetime":[76],"(dual":[78],"sparsity)":[79],"global":[83],"preserves":[86],"local":[88],"structure":[89],"by":[92],"neighborhood-based":[93],"regularization.":[95],"The":[96],"dual":[97],"only":[99],"needs":[100],"tune":[102],"few":[104],"parameters,":[105],"cuts":[110],"down":[111],"number":[113],"training":[115],"samples.":[116],"Experimental":[117],"results":[118],"synthesized":[120],"real":[122],"sets":[125,144],"different":[127],"systems":[129],"show":[130],"that":[131],"can":[133],"improve":[134],"accuracy":[136],"compared":[137],"with":[138,145],"conventional":[139],"DNNs,":[140],"even":[141],"large":[147],"angle":[148],"incidence.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
