{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2921485696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2019.2900091","title":"The Forbidden Region Self-Organizing Map Neural Network","display_name":"The Forbidden Region Self-Organizing Map Neural Network","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2921485696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2019.2900091","mag":"2921485696","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30892251"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2019.2900091","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2019.2900091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10630/32962","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027647895","display_name":"Antonio D\u00edaz Ramos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1669-1374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Diaz Ramos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Algebra, Geometry and Topology, University of M\u00e1laga, M\u00e1laga, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1669-1374","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Algebra, Geometry and Topology, University of M\u00e1laga, M\u00e1laga, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091243468","display_name":"Ezequiel L\u00f3pez\u2010Rubio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8231-5687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ezequiel Lopez-Rubio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Languages and Computer Science, University of M\u00e1laga, M\u00e1laga, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8231-5687","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Languages and Computer Science, University of M\u00e1laga, M\u00e1laga, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085558846","display_name":"Esteban J. Palomo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8547-9393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esteban J. Palomo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Languages and Computer Science, University of M\u00e1laga, M\u00e1laga, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8547-9393","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Languages and Computer Science, University of M\u00e1laga, M\u00e1laga, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9766,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89480004,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"1","first_page":"201","last_page":"211"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-organizing-map","display_name":"Self-organizing map","score":0.7872005701065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vector-quantization","display_name":"Vector quantization","score":0.6615477800369263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.595223069190979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5691421031951904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5553735494613647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vector-space","display_name":"Vector space","score":0.539459228515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5288442373275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48156264424324036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","score":0.4657128155231476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4598537087440491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.4584999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-vector-quantization","display_name":"Learning vector quantization","score":0.43787187337875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quasi-open-map","display_name":"Quasi-open map","score":0.43173301219940186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.42853114008903503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topological-space","display_name":"Topological space","score":0.42634958028793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3628631830215454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3460359275341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2991693913936615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.15168339014053345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.13718757033348083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.10163617134094238}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111168008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136838","display_name":"Self-organizing map","level":3,"score":0.7872005701065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199833920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q612536","display_name":"Vector quantization","level":2,"score":0.6615477800369263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.595223069190979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5691421031951904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5553735494613647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13336665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125977","display_name":"Vector space","level":2,"score":0.539459228515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5288442373275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48156264424324036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4657128155231476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4598537087440491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.4584999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40567965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820283","display_name":"Learning vector quantization","level":3,"score":0.43787187337875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104331952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269463","display_name":"Quasi-open map","level":2,"score":0.43173301219940186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.42853114008903503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81332173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179899","display_name":"Topological space","level":2,"score":0.42634958028793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3628631830215454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3460359275341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2991693913936615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.15168339014053345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.13718757033348083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.10163617134094238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2019.2900091","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2019.2900091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30892251","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30892251","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:riuma.uma.es:10630/32962","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10630/32962","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401385","display_name":"Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de M\u00e1laga (University of M\u00e1laga)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","host_organization_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:riuma.uma.es:10630/32962","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10630/32962","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401385","display_name":"Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de M\u00e1laga (University of M\u00e1laga)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","host_organization_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309480","display_name":"Nvidia","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311265","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65738273","https://openalex.org/W1482503584","https://openalex.org/W1502058908","https://openalex.org/W1565746575","https://openalex.org/W1982344223","https://openalex.org/W1994409504","https://openalex.org/W1995461542","https://openalex.org/W2019019052","https://openalex.org/W2035643830","https://openalex.org/W2036185849","https://openalex.org/W2037604206","https://openalex.org/W2044636009","https://openalex.org/W2071837195","https://openalex.org/W2075102802","https://openalex.org/W2079810998","https://openalex.org/W2093901628","https://openalex.org/W2097810157","https://openalex.org/W2101938621","https://openalex.org/W2104351948","https://openalex.org/W2122473047","https://openalex.org/W2123123669","https://openalex.org/W2138754805","https://openalex.org/W2139094401","https://openalex.org/W2320200085","https://openalex.org/W2565603695","https://openalex.org/W2803454958","https://openalex.org/W3036846224","https://openalex.org/W6680294583"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2576436359","https://openalex.org/W2100968651","https://openalex.org/W132234736","https://openalex.org/W2081292399","https://openalex.org/W2991694221","https://openalex.org/W4243803532","https://openalex.org/W2352648934","https://openalex.org/W4230688072","https://openalex.org/W1915693853","https://openalex.org/W354079679"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Self-organizing":[0],"maps":[1],"(SOMs)":[2],"are":[3,47,100],"aimed":[4],"to":[5,86],"learn":[6],"a":[7,60,79,92],"representation":[8],"of":[9,22,38,91,94,113,119],"the":[10,16,20,23,39,108,120],"input":[11,40],"distribution":[12],"which":[13,57,83,102],"faithfully":[14],"describes":[15],"topological":[17,122],"relations":[18],"among":[19],"clusters":[21],"distribution.":[24],"For":[25],"some":[26,36],"data":[27],"sets":[28],"and":[29,117],"applications,":[30],"it":[31],"is":[32,63,84],"known":[33,48],"beforehand":[34],"that":[35,104],"regions":[37],"space":[41],"cannot":[42],"contain":[43],"any":[44,55],"samples.":[45],"Those":[46],"as":[49],"forbidden":[50,61,96],"regions.":[51,97],"In":[52,74],"these":[53],"cases,":[54],"prototype":[56],"lies":[58],"in":[59,111],"region":[62],"meaningless.":[64],"However,":[65],"previous":[66],"self-organizing":[67],"models":[68],"do":[69],"not":[70],"address":[71],"this":[72,75],"problem.":[73],"paper,":[76],"we":[77],"propose":[78],"new":[80],"SOM":[81,109],"model":[82],"guaranteed":[85],"keep":[87],"all":[88],"prototypes":[89],"out":[90],"set":[93],"prespecified":[95],"Experimental":[98],"results":[99],"reported,":[101],"show":[103],"our":[105],"proposal":[106],"outperforms":[107],"both":[110],"terms":[112],"vector":[114],"quantization":[115],"error":[116],"quality":[118],"learned":[121],"maps.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}