{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2921719647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2019.2899344","title":"Spatially Arranged Sparse Recurrent Neural Networks for Energy Efficient Associative Memory","display_name":"Spatially Arranged Sparse Recurrent Neural Networks for Energy Efficient Associative Memory","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2921719647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2019.2899344","mag":"2921719647","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30892239"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2019.2899344","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2019.2899344","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/5962385/8949827/08667662.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/5962385/8949827/08667662.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025420478","display_name":"Gouhei Tanaka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6223-4406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gouhei Tanaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Institute for Innovation in International Engineering Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6223-4406","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Institute for Innovation in International Engineering Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085544355","display_name":"Ryosho Nakane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9059-9349"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryosho Nakane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Institute for Innovation in International Engineering Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9059-9349","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Institute for Innovation in International Engineering Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080878515","display_name":"Tomoya Takeuchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3570-0675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomoya Takeuchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3570-0675","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014529674","display_name":"Toshiyuki Yamane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8796-3007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145865","display_name":"IBM Research - Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/04915qk43","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210145865"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toshiyuki Yamane","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research\u2014Tokyo, Kawasaki, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8796-3007","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research\u2014Tokyo, Kawasaki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145865"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036023447","display_name":"Daiju Nakano","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145865","display_name":"IBM Research - Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/04915qk43","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210145865"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daiju Nakano","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research\u2014Tokyo, Kawasaki, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research\u2014Tokyo, Kawasaki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145865"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035015455","display_name":"Y. Katayama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2674-9365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145865","display_name":"IBM Research - Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/04915qk43","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210145865"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasunao Katayama","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research\u2014Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2674-9365","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research\u2014Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145865"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075783559","display_name":"Akira Hirose","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6936-9733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akira Hirose","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Institute for Innovation in International Engineering Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6936-9733","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, Institute for Innovation in International Engineering Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025420478"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4213,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89117681,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"1","first_page":"24","last_page":"38"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7704222798347473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.6610937118530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.620017409324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5263634324073792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4134010672569275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromorphic-engineering","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","score":0.4126034379005432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content-addressable-memory","display_name":"Content-addressable memory","score":0.41092386841773987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.35816431045532227}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7704222798347473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.6610937118530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.620017409324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5263634324073792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4134010672569275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151927369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981312","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","level":3,"score":0.4126034379005432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53442348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745101","display_name":"Content-addressable memory","level":3,"score":0.41092386841773987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.35816431045532227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2019.2899344","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2019.2899344","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/5962385/8949827/08667662.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30892239","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30892239","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2019.2899344","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2019.2899344","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/5962385/8949827/08667662.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7657085016","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP16K00326","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2921719647.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2921719647.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W65471274","https://openalex.org/W644024486","https://openalex.org/W1513115569","https://openalex.org/W1576445389","https://openalex.org/W1679085526","https://openalex.org/W1971252816","https://openalex.org/W1974049455","https://openalex.org/W1976033787","https://openalex.org/W1976709621","https://openalex.org/W1980084601","https://openalex.org/W1983485726","https://openalex.org/W1984431842","https://openalex.org/W1986477811","https://openalex.org/W1993673892","https://openalex.org/W1995539593","https://openalex.org/W1998879345","https://openalex.org/W2000626902","https://openalex.org/W2002679292","https://openalex.org/W2010526455","https://openalex.org/W2022173618","https://openalex.org/W2028166238","https://openalex.org/W2028781966","https://openalex.org/W2030450972","https://openalex.org/W2032915841","https://openalex.org/W2033758433","https://openalex.org/W2036881544","https://openalex.org/W2040092971","https://openalex.org/W2040429262","https://openalex.org/W2047515252","https://openalex.org/W2054257211","https://openalex.org/W2059148040","https://openalex.org/W2059651543","https://openalex.org/W2060910814","https://openalex.org/W2068469823","https://openalex.org/W2078204800","https://openalex.org/W2080277460","https://openalex.org/W2093347109","https://openalex.org/W2095425517","https://openalex.org/W2100659887","https://openalex.org/W2112090702","https://openalex.org/W2117422822","https://openalex.org/W2127470768","https://openalex.org/W2128084896","https://openalex.org/W2130360162","https://openalex.org/W2135046866","https://openalex.org/W2138913040","https://openalex.org/W2140075227","https://openalex.org/W2150371779","https://openalex.org/W2156774185","https://openalex.org/W2167822639","https://openalex.org/W2169006540","https://openalex.org/W2334954491","https://openalex.org/W2730664094","https://openalex.org/W2994602346","https://openalex.org/W3098059858","https://openalex.org/W3118059217","https://openalex.org/W4230579564","https://openalex.org/W4300462944"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2986579802","https://openalex.org/W4389237622","https://openalex.org/W3108691306","https://openalex.org/W4385753159","https://openalex.org/W4200152843","https://openalex.org/W4214914769","https://openalex.org/W4387251107","https://openalex.org/W2166309310","https://openalex.org/W4317717548","https://openalex.org/W4297621941"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"development":[1],"of":[2,40,50,202,235,241],"hardware":[3,29,245],"neural":[4,25,76,236,246],"networks,":[5],"including":[6],"neuromorphic":[7],"hardware,":[8],"has":[9],"been":[10],"accelerated":[11],"over":[12],"the":[13,48,79,87,128,132,138,145,151,167,171,175,181,195,200,203,222,239],"past":[14],"few":[15],"years.":[16],"However,":[17],"it":[18,212],"is":[19,44,148,163],"challenging":[20],"to":[21,33,45,70,214],"operate":[22],"very":[23],"large-scale":[24],"networks":[26,77,104,125,183,237],"with":[27,47,78,191],"low-power":[28],"devices,":[30],"partly":[31],"due":[32],"signal":[34],"transmissions":[35],"through":[36],"a":[37,155,164,186],"massive":[38],"number":[39],"interconnections.":[41],"Our":[42,218],"aim":[43],"deal":[46],"issue":[49],"communication":[51],"cost":[52,169],"from":[53],"an":[54,111,141],"algorithmic":[55],"viewpoint":[56],"and":[57,105,170,210,231],"study":[58],"learning":[59,113],"algorithms":[60],"for":[61,83,137,238],"energy-efficient":[62],"information":[63],"processing.":[64],"Here,":[65],"we":[66,93,135],"consider":[67],"two":[68],"approaches":[69,224],"finding":[71],"spatially":[72],"arranged":[73],"sparse":[74,96,230],"recurrent":[75],"high":[80],"cost-performance":[81,129,188],"ratio":[82,189],"associative":[84],"memory.":[85],"In":[86,131],"first":[88,139,196],"approach":[89,205],"following":[90],"classical":[91],"methods,":[92],"focus":[94],"on":[95],"modular":[97,124],"network":[98,146],"structures":[99],"inspired":[100],"by":[101,154],"biological":[102],"brain":[103],"examine":[106],"their":[107],"storage":[108],"capacity":[109],"under":[110,150],"iterative":[112],"rule.":[114],"We":[115,159,178,198],"show":[116,160,199],"that":[117,161,180,221],"incorporating":[118],"long-range":[119],"intermodule":[120],"connections":[121],"into":[122],"purely":[123],"can":[126,184],"enhance":[127],"ratio.":[130],"second":[133],"approach,":[134],"formulate":[136],"time":[140],"optimization":[142,204],"problem":[143],"where":[144],"sparsity":[147],"maximized":[149],"constraints":[152],"imposed":[153],"pattern":[156],"embedding":[157],"condition.":[158],"there":[162],"tradeoff":[165],"between":[166],"interconnection":[168],"computational":[172],"performance":[173],"in":[174,194,227,244],"optimized":[176,182],"networks.":[177,247],"demonstrate":[179],"achieve":[185],"better":[187],"compared":[190],"those":[192],"considered":[193],"approach.":[197],"effectiveness":[201],"mainly":[206],"using":[207],"binary":[208],"patterns":[209],"apply":[211],"also":[213],"gray-scale":[215],"image":[216],"restoration.":[217],"results":[219],"suggest":[220],"presented":[223],"are":[225],"useful":[226],"seeking":[228],"more":[229],"less":[232],"costly":[233],"connectivity":[234],"enhancement":[240],"energy":[242],"efficiency":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
