{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2834072840","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2018.2846775","title":"Neural Network Training With Levenberg\u2013Marquardt and Adaptable Weight Compression","display_name":"Neural Network Training With Levenberg\u2013Marquardt and Adaptable Weight Compression","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2834072840","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2018.2846775","mag":"2834072840","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29994621"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2018.2846775","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2018.2846775","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100772524","display_name":"James Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9210-0161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James S. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9210-0161","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100672634","display_name":"Bo Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0763-8675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0763-8675","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084622054","display_name":"Bogdan M. Wilamowski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bogdan M. Wilamowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.3536,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":98,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98038242,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"2","first_page":"580","last_page":"587"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/levenberg\u2013marquardt-algorithm","display_name":"Levenberg\u2013Marquardt algorithm","score":0.8563532829284668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.7599916458129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jacobian-matrix-and-determinant","display_name":"Jacobian matrix and determinant","score":0.6895967721939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6711896657943726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6277245879173279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.610430121421814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5208314657211304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","score":0.4822962284088135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compression","display_name":"Compression (physics)","score":0.4798678457736969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.41619035601615906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3960234522819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24584046006202698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.1690312623977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87578567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426494","display_name":"Levenberg\u2013Marquardt algorithm","level":3,"score":0.8563532829284668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.7599916458129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200331156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506041","display_name":"Jacobian matrix and determinant","level":2,"score":0.6895967721939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6711896657943726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6277245879173279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.610430121421814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5208314657211304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.4822962284088135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180016635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2712821","display_name":"Compression (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4798678457736969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.41619035601615906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3960234522819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24584046006202698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.1690312623977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2018.2846775","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2018.2846775","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29994621","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29994621","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W2001619934","https://openalex.org/W2019282798","https://openalex.org/W2026624453","https://openalex.org/W2029469881","https://openalex.org/W2061933243","https://openalex.org/W2102725114","https://openalex.org/W2125818553","https://openalex.org/W2133764509","https://openalex.org/W2145328705","https://openalex.org/W2152424459","https://openalex.org/W2155482699","https://openalex.org/W2284050935","https://openalex.org/W2518108298","https://openalex.org/W2544927610","https://openalex.org/W2594406493","https://openalex.org/W2755471665","https://openalex.org/W2769912520","https://openalex.org/W2789668240","https://openalex.org/W2963685250","https://openalex.org/W3120740533","https://openalex.org/W6682359208","https://openalex.org/W6745845890"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978671516","https://openalex.org/W2895947699","https://openalex.org/W2007405763","https://openalex.org/W1486373823","https://openalex.org/W2374738832","https://openalex.org/W2263948369","https://openalex.org/W2396307289","https://openalex.org/W2405649773","https://openalex.org/W2810281214","https://openalex.org/W2560851096"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Difficult":[0],"experiments":[1,130],"in":[2,25,29],"training":[3,119,166],"neural":[4,126],"networks":[5],"often":[6],"fail":[7],"to":[8,11,48,85,96,117,135],"converge":[9],"due":[10],"what":[12],"is":[13,115],"known":[14],"as":[15],"the":[16,20,26,32,52,78,91,97,123,137,161],"flat-spot":[17,79],"problem,":[18],"where":[19],"gradient":[21],"of":[22,90,125,139],"hidden":[23],"neurons":[24],"network":[27,127,155],"diminishes":[28],"value,":[30],"rending":[31],"weight":[33,73],"update":[34],"process":[35],"ineffective.":[36],"Whereas":[37],"a":[38,63],"first-order":[39],"algorithm":[40,102,163],"can":[41,164],"address":[42],"this":[43],"issue":[44],"by":[45,81,168],"learning":[46],"parameters":[47,58,107],"normalize":[49],"neuron":[50,83,87],"activations,":[51],"second-order":[53],"algorithms":[54],"cannot":[55],"afford":[56],"additional":[57,105],"given":[59],"that":[60,160],"they":[61],"include":[62],"large":[64],"Jacobian":[65],"matrix":[66],"calculation.":[67],"This":[68],"paper":[69],"proposes":[70],"Levenberg-Marquardt":[71],"with":[72,146,174],"compression":[74,112],"(LM-WC),":[75],"which":[76,114],"combats":[77],"problem":[80],"compressing":[82],"weights":[84],"push":[86],"activation":[88],"out":[89],"saturated":[92],"region":[93],"and":[94,108,121,133,144],"close":[95],"linear":[98],"region.":[99],"The":[100],"presented":[101,132],"requires":[103],"no":[104],"learned":[106],"contains":[109],"an":[110],"adaptable":[111],"parameter,":[113],"adjusted":[116],"avoid":[118],"failure":[120],"increase":[122],"probability":[124],"convergence.":[128],"Several":[129],"are":[131],"discussed":[134],"demonstrate":[136],"success":[138,167],"LM-WC":[140,162],"against":[141],"standard":[142],"LM":[143,145],"random":[147],"restarts":[148],"on":[149],"benchmark":[150],"data":[151],"sets":[152],"for":[153],"varying":[154],"architectures.":[156],"Our":[157],"results":[158],"suggest":[159],"improve":[165],"10":[169],"times":[170],"or":[171],"more":[172],"compared":[173],"other":[175],"methods.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}