{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2803623613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2018.2832025","title":"Optimal Synchronization Control of Multiagent Systems With Input Saturation via Off-Policy Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Optimal Synchronization Control of Multiagent Systems With Input Saturation via Off-Policy Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2803623613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2018.2832025","mag":"2803623613","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29993726"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2018.2832025","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2018.2832025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053071794","display_name":"Jiahu Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7580-0836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiahu Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7580-0836","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100404496","display_name":"Man Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9776-1628"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Man Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9776-1628","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028730873","display_name":"Yang Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1337-5322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1337-5322","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101997909","display_name":"Qichao Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qichao Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4861-3565","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108050907","display_name":"Wei Xing Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0572-5938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63525965","display_name":"Western Sydney University","ror":"https://ror.org/03t52dk35","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63525965"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Xing Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0572-5938","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63525965"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.2275,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":164,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9931345,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"1","first_page":"85","last_page":"96"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12794","display_name":"Adaptive Dynamic Programming Control","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12794","display_name":"Adaptive Dynamic Programming Control","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11347","display_name":"Neural Networks Stability and Synchronization","score":0.9797999858856201,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9778000116348267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hamilton\u2013jacobi\u2013bellman-equation","display_name":"Hamilton\u2013Jacobi\u2013Bellman equation","score":0.9401769638061523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8274929523468018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"Optimal control","score":0.6681767106056213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5868579149246216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.5601908564567566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5543918013572693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5452712774276733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5292826294898987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.47260788083076477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bellman-equation","display_name":"Bellman equation","score":0.4358813762664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.337045818567276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.27019768953323364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13878563046455383}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196978813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3302775","display_name":"Hamilton\u2013Jacobi\u2013Bellman equation","level":3,"score":0.9401769638061523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8274929523468018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.6681767106056213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5868579149246216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.5601908564567566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5543918013572693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5452712774276733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5292826294898987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.47260788083076477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14646407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430750","display_name":"Bellman equation","level":2,"score":0.4358813762664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.337045818567276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27019768953323364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13878563046455383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2018.2832025","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2018.2832025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29993726","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29993726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1268832336","display_name":"Quantized identification of feedback control systems","funder_award_id":"DP120104986","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1418547528","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61473269","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2953219683","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B16014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322847","display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/031141b54"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1526455201","https://openalex.org/W1620414136","https://openalex.org/W1863485266","https://openalex.org/W1972735418","https://openalex.org/W1981452459","https://openalex.org/W1997974219","https://openalex.org/W1998922549","https://openalex.org/W2021444019","https://openalex.org/W2045719273","https://openalex.org/W2098432798","https://openalex.org/W2099618002","https://openalex.org/W2105616725","https://openalex.org/W2107585579","https://openalex.org/W2108286682","https://openalex.org/W2108383324","https://openalex.org/W2121863487","https://openalex.org/W2122375213","https://openalex.org/W2131279287","https://openalex.org/W2148439597","https://openalex.org/W2160932744","https://openalex.org/W2161354444","https://openalex.org/W2324357600","https://openalex.org/W2500734973","https://openalex.org/W2515822818","https://openalex.org/W2551113280","https://openalex.org/W2560814118","https://openalex.org/W2606378794","https://openalex.org/W2733753647","https://openalex.org/W2740962288","https://openalex.org/W2798741797","https://openalex.org/W2963609304","https://openalex.org/W3103143917","https://openalex.org/W3105515734","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W6741837301"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2032834442","https://openalex.org/W3153900688","https://openalex.org/W2115544975","https://openalex.org/W2902017027","https://openalex.org/W1654696814","https://openalex.org/W4291598237","https://openalex.org/W2766998270","https://openalex.org/W4292330635","https://openalex.org/W3168988147","https://openalex.org/W4239477580"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,124],"this":[1,100,128,153],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,83,131],"aim":[4],"to":[5,41,49,61,64,91,109,115,118,126,138,158,160,173],"investigate":[6],"the":[7,23,53,62,74,81,85,93,116,140,143,147,161,175,178],"optimal":[8,24,51,94,162],"synchronization":[9],"problem":[10],"for":[11],"a":[12],"group":[13],"of":[14,77,80,99,121,177],"generic":[15],"linear":[16],"systems":[17],"with":[18],"input":[19,31],"saturation.":[20],"To":[21],"seek":[22],"controller,":[25],"Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman":[26],"(HJB)":[27],"equations":[28,45],"involving":[29],"nonquadratic":[30],"energy":[32],"terms":[33],"in":[34,70],"coupled":[35,43,71],"forms":[36],"are":[37,46,156],"established.":[38],"The":[39],"solutions":[40],"these":[42],"HJB":[44,67],"further":[47],"proven":[48,157],"be":[50],"and":[52,73,134,142],"induced":[54],"controllers":[55,141],"constitute":[56],"interactive":[57],"Nash":[58],"equilibrium.":[59],"Due":[60],"difficulty":[63],"analytically":[65],"solve":[66],"equations,":[68],"especially":[69],"forms,":[72],"possible":[75],"lack":[76],"model":[78],"information":[79],"systems,":[82],"apply":[84],"data-based":[86],"off-policy":[87,101,129],"reinforcement":[88],"learning":[89],"algorithm":[90,102],"learn":[92],"control":[95,149],"policies.":[96],"A":[97],"byproduct":[98],"is":[103,107,113,171],"shown":[104],"that":[105,112],"it":[106],"insensitive":[108],"probing":[110],"noise":[111],"exerted":[114],"system":[117],"maintain":[119],"persistence":[120],"excitation":[122],"condition.":[123],"order":[125],"implement":[127],"algorithm,":[130],"employ":[132],"actor":[133],"critic":[135],"neural":[136],"networks":[137],"approximate":[139],"cost":[144],"functions.":[145],"Furthermore,":[146],"estimated":[148],"policies":[150],"obtained":[151],"by":[152],"presented":[154],"implementation":[155],"converge":[159],"ones":[163],"under":[164],"certain":[165],"conditions.":[166],"Finally,":[167],"an":[168],"illustrative":[169],"example":[170],"provided":[172],"verify":[174],"effectiveness":[176],"proposed":[179],"algorithm.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
