{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2307425316","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2017.2676130","title":"Convolution in Convolution for Network in Network","display_name":"Convolution in Convolution for Network in Network","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-03-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2307425316","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2017.2676130","mag":"2307425316","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28328517"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2017.2676130","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2017.2676130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://ir.opt.ac.cn/handle/181661/30076","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086887025","display_name":"Yanwei Pang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6670-3727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanwei Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Enginnering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Enginnering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054102167","display_name":"Manli Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manli Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Enginnering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Enginnering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060665015","display_name":"Xiaoheng Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5770-0417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoheng Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Enginnering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Enginnering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xuelong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2843-9173"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144662","display_name":"Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics","ror":"https://ror.org/0444j5556","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144662"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuelong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for OPTical IMagery Analysis and Learning, State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi\u2019an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an, China","Center for OPTical IMagery Analysis and Learning, State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2843-9173","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for OPTical IMagery Analysis and Learning, State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi\u2019an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144662"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for OPTical IMagery Analysis and Learning, State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144662"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.4073,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":220,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99390332,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"5","first_page":"1587","last_page":"1597"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.6646586656570435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6622079014778137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5470021367073059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5335566997528076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4979431629180908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4764569103717804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.4602142572402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.4568508267402649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.4357988238334656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.43037787079811096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.2922862768173218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.28088581562042236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.13122320175170898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08165311813354492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.6646586656570435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6622079014778137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5470021367073059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5335566997528076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4979431629180908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4764569103717804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.4602142572402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.4568508267402649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4357988238334656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.43037787079811096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2922862768173218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.28088581562042236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.13122320175170898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08165311813354492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2017.2676130","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2017.2676130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28328517","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28328517","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.opt.ac.cn:181661/30076","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ir.opt.ac.cn/handle/181661/30076","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196962","display_name":"Institutional Repository of Xi'an Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Xian Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210144662","host_organization_name":"Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144662"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.opt.ac.cn:181661/30076","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ir.opt.ac.cn/handle/181661/30076","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196962","display_name":"Institutional Repository of Xi'an Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Xian Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210144662","host_organization_name":"Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144662"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1265625559","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61632081","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3806386865","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014CB340400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":82,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4919037","https://openalex.org/W1489081407","https://openalex.org/W1524680991","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1683511521","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1690739335","https://openalex.org/W1694178301","https://openalex.org/W1799366690","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W1904365287","https://openalex.org/W1907282891","https://openalex.org/W1932481952","https://openalex.org/W1934184906","https://openalex.org/W1963882359","https://openalex.org/W1978508564","https://openalex.org/W1982067089","https://openalex.org/W2015861736","https://openalex.org/W2029952239","https://openalex.org/W2032552004","https://openalex.org/W2072128103","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2123045220","https://openalex.org/W2124776405","https://openalex.org/W2133319764","https://openalex.org/W2140619591","https://openalex.org/W2141125852","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2168894214","https://openalex.org/W2179352600","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2221448138","https://openalex.org/W2263859149","https://openalex.org/W2295862745","https://openalex.org/W2345732215","https://openalex.org/W2516616494","https://openalex.org/W2529780763","https://openalex.org/W2546302380","https://openalex.org/W2564140372","https://openalex.org/W2949117887","https://openalex.org/W2962970253","https://openalex.org/W2963382180","https://openalex.org/W2963542991","https://openalex.org/W2963574257","https://openalex.org/W2963828527","https://openalex.org/W2963919294","https://openalex.org/W2963920515","https://openalex.org/W2964118293","https://openalex.org/W2964340589","https://openalex.org/W3102431071","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3143797459","https://openalex.org/W4213262319","https://openalex.org/W4231109964","https://openalex.org/W6600213771","https://openalex.org/W6629368666","https://openalex.org/W6631498818","https://openalex.org/W6637242042","https://openalex.org/W6637359451","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6637551013","https://openalex.org/W6637551671","https://openalex.org/W6638444622","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6639204139","https://openalex.org/W6639736908","https://openalex.org/W6640036494","https://openalex.org/W6674914833","https://openalex.org/W6676338569","https://openalex.org/W6677995690","https://openalex.org/W6679852000","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6684665197","https://openalex.org/W6685176027","https://openalex.org/W6687483927","https://openalex.org/W6688902765","https://openalex.org/W6696761078","https://openalex.org/W6780493881","https://openalex.org/W6785107657","https://openalex.org/W6787972765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953234277","https://openalex.org/W2626256601","https://openalex.org/W147410782","https://openalex.org/W2900413183","https://openalex.org/W4390975304","https://openalex.org/W3022252430","https://openalex.org/W4287804464","https://openalex.org/W3103989898","https://openalex.org/W4401096132","https://openalex.org/W2964954556"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Network":[0],"in":[1,55,68,115,143,153],"network":[2,16],"(NiN)":[3],"is":[4,125,150],"an":[5,9],"effective":[6],"instance":[7],"and":[8,22,53,65,135,168],"important":[10],"extension":[11],"of":[12,18,26,48,51,62,76,87,107,175],"deep":[13],"convolutional":[14,20],"neural":[15],"consisting":[17],"alternating":[19],"layers":[21,79,106],"pooling":[23],"layers.":[24,146],"Instead":[25],"using":[27],"a":[28,39,84],"linear":[29,45],"filter":[30],"for":[31],"convolution,":[32],"NiN":[33,58],"utilizes":[34],"shallow":[35,97,101,110],"multilayer":[36],"perceptron":[37],"(MLP),":[38],"nonlinear":[40],"function,":[41],"to":[42,83,94],"replace":[43,95],"the":[44,49,108,116,132,140,160,173,176],"filter.":[46],"Because":[47],"powerfulness":[50],"MLP":[52,73,98,111],"convolutions":[54],"spatial":[56,141],"domain,":[57],"has":[59],"stronger":[60],"ability":[61],"feature":[63],"representation":[64],"hence":[66],"results":[67,158],"better":[69],"recognition":[70],"performance.":[71],"However,":[72],"itself":[74],"consists":[75],"fully":[77],"connected":[78,114],"that":[80],"give":[81],"rise":[82],"large":[85],"number":[86],"parameters.":[88],"In":[89],"this":[90],"paper,":[91],"we":[92],"propose":[93],"dense":[96],"with":[99],"sparse":[100,109],"MLP.":[102],"One":[103],"or":[104,119],"more":[105],"are":[112],"sparely":[113],"channel":[117,133],"dimension":[118,134,142],"channel-spatial":[120],"domain.":[121],"The":[122,147,156],"proposed":[123,148,177],"method":[124,149],"implemented":[126],"by":[127],"applying":[128,136],"unshared":[129],"convolution":[130,138,152,154],"across":[131,139],"shared":[137],"some":[144],"computational":[145],"called":[151],"(CiC).":[155],"experimental":[157],"on":[159],"CIFAR10":[161,165],"data":[162,166,170],"set,":[163,167],"augmented":[164],"CIFAR100":[169],"set":[171],"demonstrate":[172],"effectiveness":[174],"CiC":[178],"method.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
