{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2409438660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2015.2461436","title":"Oversampling the Minority Class in the Feature Space","display_name":"Oversampling the Minority Class in the Feature Space","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2409438660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2015.2461436","mag":"2409438660","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26316222"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2015.2461436","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2015.2461436","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065093980","display_name":"Mar\u00eda P\u00e9rez\u2010Ortiz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1302-6093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I243381257","display_name":"Universidad Loyola Andaluc\u00eda","ror":"https://ror.org/0075gfd51","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I243381257"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maria Perez-Ortiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Engineering, Loyola University Andaluc\u00eda, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Engineering, Loyola University Andaluc\u00eda, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I243381257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063964437","display_name":"Pedro Antonio Guti\u00e9rrez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2657-776X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53110688","display_name":"University of C\u00f3rdoba","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc77b46","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53110688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Antonio Gutierrez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Numerical Analysis, University of C\u00f3rdoba, C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Numerical Analysis, University of C\u00f3rdoba, C\u00f3rdoba, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53110688"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051182859","display_name":"Peter Ti\u0148o","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2330-128X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Tino","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086980043","display_name":"C\u00e9sar Herv\u00e1s\u2010Mart\u00ednez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-1816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53110688","display_name":"University of C\u00f3rdoba","ror":"https://ror.org/05yc77b46","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53110688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cesar Hervas-Martinez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Numerical Analysis, University of C\u00f3rdoba, C\u00f3rdoba, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Numerical Analysis, University of C\u00f3rdoba, C\u00f3rdoba, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53110688"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065093980"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I243381257"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.2313,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":72,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96570742,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"9","first_page":"1947","last_page":"1961"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9714999794960022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oversampling","display_name":"Oversampling","score":0.9399185180664062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.6393814086914062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.604454755783081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5886189937591553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5341094732284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-space","display_name":"Euclidean space","score":0.5333191156387329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radial-basis-function-kernel","display_name":"Radial basis function kernel","score":0.5231013298034668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.48808538913726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4848707616329193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4812881052494049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.46700844168663025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rank","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","score":0.46405401825904846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46028393507003784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-method","display_name":"Kernel method","score":0.455092191696167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4530498683452606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function-space","display_name":"Function space","score":0.42023220658302307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.37486109137535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3611130118370056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10460004210472107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.10286694765090942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.07641386985778809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.059048742055892944}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197323446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331222","display_name":"Oversampling","level":3,"score":0.9399185180664062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.6393814086914062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.604454755783081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5886189937591553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5341094732284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186450821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17295","display_name":"Euclidean space","level":2,"score":0.5333191156387329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75866337","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7280263","display_name":"Radial basis function kernel","level":4,"score":0.5231013298034668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.48808538913726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4848707616329193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4812881052494049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.46700844168663025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.46405401825904846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46028393507003784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122280245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620622","display_name":"Kernel method","level":3,"score":0.455092191696167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4530498683452606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142730499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934367","display_name":"Function space","level":2,"score":0.42023220658302307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.37486109137535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3611130118370056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10460004210472107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.10286694765090942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.07641386985778809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.059048742055892944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2015.2461436","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2015.2461436","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26316222","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26316222","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:dnet:br\u00fajula_____::f5f71184b8a7e2f9ad23f7e99cbc8ed9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12412/1223","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/13776387-70fd-46aa-b397-163aa4665391","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/en/publications/13776387-70fd-46aa-b397-163aa4665391","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402634","display_name":"University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Perez-Ortiz, M, Guti\u00e9rrez, P A, Tino, P & Herv\u00e1s-Mart\u00ednez, C 2016, 'Oversampling the minority class in the feature space', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, vol. 27, no. 9, pp. 1947-1961. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNNLS.2015.2461436","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3205676983","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/L000296/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W85350352","https://openalex.org/W127528661","https://openalex.org/W1496056137","https://openalex.org/W1501644832","https://openalex.org/W1541542649","https://openalex.org/W1551909886","https://openalex.org/W1559159361","https://openalex.org/W1560724230","https://openalex.org/W1565746575","https://openalex.org/W1573820523","https://openalex.org/W1590481709","https://openalex.org/W1920328734","https://openalex.org/W1941659294","https://openalex.org/W1986515506","https://openalex.org/W1987698418","https://openalex.org/W1999318832","https://openalex.org/W2007154098","https://openalex.org/W2048045850","https://openalex.org/W2057812517","https://openalex.org/W2081808304","https://openalex.org/W2087240369","https://openalex.org/W2087347434","https://openalex.org/W2088032561","https://openalex.org/W2099435377","https://openalex.org/W2099454382","https://openalex.org/W2104933073","https://openalex.org/W2109283550","https://openalex.org/W2115741655","https://openalex.org/W2118978333","https://openalex.org/W2119498311","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2122111042","https://openalex.org/W2133396101","https://openalex.org/W2140389641","https://openalex.org/W2142387771","https://openalex.org/W2145295623","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2158413235","https://openalex.org/W2165837041","https://openalex.org/W2166045895","https://openalex.org/W2168508521","https://openalex.org/W2169937061","https://openalex.org/W2979832949","https://openalex.org/W3120740533","https://openalex.org/W3195149063","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4246066915","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6603460400","https://openalex.org/W6640308425","https://openalex.org/W6641446668","https://openalex.org/W6675634716","https://openalex.org/W6675953175","https://openalex.org/W6680751671","https://openalex.org/W6683645957"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4235453864","https://openalex.org/W3093376174","https://openalex.org/W127070535","https://openalex.org/W2140869420","https://openalex.org/W2357150443","https://openalex.org/W1519806901","https://openalex.org/W2348982811","https://openalex.org/W2354280465","https://openalex.org/W1584947872","https://openalex.org/W3123056048"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,103,125],"imbalanced":[1,117,192],"nature":[2],"of":[3,9,27,35,111,154,176],"some":[4,175],"real-world":[5],"data":[6,118,147,193],"is":[7,81,106,127],"one":[8],"the":[10,21,32,39,53,57,60,73,78,87,97,109,116,135,146,152,155,162,177,181],"current":[11],"challenges":[12],"for":[13,100,170],"machine":[14],"learning":[15,143],"researchers.":[16],"One":[17],"common":[18],"approach":[19],"oversamples":[20],"minority":[22,74],"class":[23,75,148],"through":[24],"convex":[25],"combination":[26],"its":[28],"patterns.":[29],"We":[30,183],"explore":[31],"general":[33],"idea":[34,126],"synthetic":[36],"oversampling":[37,101,133,172],"in":[38,108,129,134,180],"feature":[40,79,89,98,156],"space":[41,80,90,94,157],"induced":[42],"by":[43,161],"a":[44,122,141,167],"kernel":[45,54,142,163],"function":[46,55],"(as":[47],"opposed":[48],"to":[49,96,150],"input":[50],"space).":[51],"If":[52],"matches":[56],"underlying":[58],"problem,":[59],"classes":[61],"will":[62,70],"be":[63],"linearly":[64],"separable":[65],"and":[66,137,165],"synthetically":[67],"generated":[68],"patterns":[69],"lie":[71],"on":[72],"region.":[76],"Since":[77],"not":[82],"directly":[83],"accessible,":[84],"we":[85],"use":[86],"empirical":[88],"(EFS)":[91],"(a":[92],"Euclidean":[93],"isomorphic":[95],"space)":[99],"purposes.":[102],"proposed":[104],"method":[105],"framed":[107],"context":[110],"support":[112,184],"vector":[113],"machines,":[114],"where":[115],"sets":[119],"can":[120],"pose":[121],"serious":[123],"hindrance.":[124],"investigated":[128],"three":[130],"scenarios:":[131],"1)":[132],"full":[136],"reduced-rank":[138],"EFSs;":[139],"2)":[140],"technique":[144],"maximizing":[145],"separation":[149],"study":[151],"influence":[153],"structure":[158],"(implicitly":[159],"defined":[160],"function);":[164],"3)":[166],"unified":[168],"framework":[169],"preferential":[171],"that":[173],"spans":[174],"previous":[178],"approaches":[179],"literature.":[182],"our":[185],"investigation":[186],"with":[187],"extensive":[188],"experiments":[189],"over":[190],"50":[191],"sets.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}