{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1976503215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2014.2377477","title":"Matrix Variate Distribution-Induced Sparse Representation for Robust Image Classification","display_name":"Matrix Variate Distribution-Induced Sparse Representation for Robust Image Classification","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-02-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1976503215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2014.2377477","mag":"1976503215","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25700472"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2014.2377477","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2014.2377477","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100627386","display_name":"Jinhui Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4766-2784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jinhui Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, NanJing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, NanJing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100726984","display_name":"Jian Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4800-832X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, NanJing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, NanJing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101672910","display_name":"Lei Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-0442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, NanJing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, NanJing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064363522","display_name":"Jianjun Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0968-8556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianjun Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, NanJing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, NanJing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101982132","display_name":"Wei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3491-8923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, NanJing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, NanJing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100627386"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4978,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95083917,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"10","first_page":"2291","last_page":"2300"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-variate","display_name":"Random variate","score":0.7005318403244019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparse-approximation","display_name":"Sparse approximation","score":0.613662838935852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5126523375511169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparse-matrix","display_name":"Sparse matrix","score":0.5037538409233093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.493120402097702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.48264867067337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47999972105026245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.45927247405052185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4474131464958191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4101717472076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.17962640523910522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.08972832560539246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07287928462028503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-variable","display_name":"Random variable","score":0.07263258099555969}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141547133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7291996","display_name":"Random variate","level":3,"score":0.7005318403244019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124066611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28684319","display_name":"Sparse approximation","level":2,"score":0.613662838935852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5126523375511169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56372850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050404","display_name":"Sparse matrix","level":3,"score":0.5037538409233093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.493120402097702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.48264867067337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47999972105026245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.45927247405052185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4474131464958191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4101717472076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.17962640523910522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.08972832560539246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07287928462028503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122123141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176623","display_name":"Random variable","level":2,"score":0.07263258099555969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2014.2377477","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2014.2377477","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25700472","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25700472","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1708426532","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61472187","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336125","funder_display_name":"National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1936396850","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61233011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336125","funder_display_name":"National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2848555322","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"30920140121005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8055397547","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61373063","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336125","funder_display_name":"National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8521262284","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61125305","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336125","funder_display_name":"National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8684234662","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014CB349303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336125","display_name":"National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W111496068","https://openalex.org/W1574714376","https://openalex.org/W1591385104","https://openalex.org/W1978251628","https://openalex.org/W1993049083","https://openalex.org/W2009702064","https://openalex.org/W2021345820","https://openalex.org/W2023405479","https://openalex.org/W2027922120","https://openalex.org/W2033241812","https://openalex.org/W2053585103","https://openalex.org/W2065030431","https://openalex.org/W2073940236","https://openalex.org/W2085400714","https://openalex.org/W2095461588","https://openalex.org/W2097486709","https://openalex.org/W2103972604","https://openalex.org/W2105464873","https://openalex.org/W2112225422","https://openalex.org/W2112447569","https://openalex.org/W2121307414","https://openalex.org/W2125874614","https://openalex.org/W2129812935","https://openalex.org/W2132467081","https://openalex.org/W2137659841","https://openalex.org/W2137823674","https://openalex.org/W2157069239","https://openalex.org/W2498388196","https://openalex.org/W2949483514","https://openalex.org/W2951085447","https://openalex.org/W2994340921","https://openalex.org/W3100830527","https://openalex.org/W6634540942","https://openalex.org/W6635552349","https://openalex.org/W6675164516","https://openalex.org/W6676727762"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2091883426","https://openalex.org/W3173235360","https://openalex.org/W2174948646","https://openalex.org/W2024017047","https://openalex.org/W4318256793","https://openalex.org/W2051410394","https://openalex.org/W2594370889","https://openalex.org/W2390720471","https://openalex.org/W1600789676","https://openalex.org/W2134327945"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sparse":[0],"representation":[1,42,107],"learning":[2],"has":[3,128],"been":[4],"successfully":[5],"applied":[6],"into":[7,36],"image":[8,14,95],"classification,":[9],"which":[10,52,121],"represents":[11],"a":[12,16,112,140],"given":[13],"as":[15,83,111],"linear":[17],"combination":[18],"of":[19,145,157,170],"an":[20],"over-complete":[21],"dictionary.":[22],"The":[23,106,168],"classification":[24],"result":[25],"depends":[26],"on":[27],"the":[28,32,41,56,59,73,94,116,138,146,164,171,180,187,193],"reconstruction":[29],"residuals.":[30],"Normally,":[31],"images":[33],"are":[34,44,61],"stretched":[35],"vectors":[37],"for":[38],"convenience,":[39],"and":[40,63,86,127],"residuals":[43,60],"characterized":[45],"by":[46],"l2":[47],"-norm":[48],"or":[49],"l1":[50],"-norm,":[51],"actually":[53],"assumes":[54],"that":[55,179],"elements":[57],"in":[58,97],"independent":[62],"identically":[64],"distributed":[65],"variables.":[66],"However,":[67],"it":[68,76],"is":[69,109,122,160,173,183],"hard":[70],"to":[71,78,124,132,162],"satisfy":[72],"hypothesis":[74],"when":[75,190],"comes":[77],"some":[79],"structural":[80,194],"errors,":[81],"such":[82],"illuminations,":[84],"occlusions,":[85],"so":[87],"on.":[88],"In":[89],"this":[90],"paper,":[91],"we":[92,136],"represent":[93],"data":[96],"their":[98],"intrinsic":[99],"matrix":[100,113,117],"form":[101],"rather":[102],"than":[103,186],"concatenated":[104],"vectors.":[105],"residual":[108],"considered":[110],"variate":[114],"following":[115],"elliptically":[118],"contoured":[119],"distribution,":[120],"robust":[123],"dependent":[125],"errors":[126],"long":[129],"tail":[130],"regions":[131],"fit":[133],"outliers.":[134],"Then,":[135],"seek":[137],"maximum":[139],"posteriori":[141],"probability":[142],"estimation":[143],"solution":[144],"matrix-based":[147],"optimization":[148,166],"problem":[149],"under":[150],"sparse":[151],"regularization.":[152],"An":[153],"alternating":[154],"direction":[155],"method":[156,182],"multipliers":[158],"(ADMMs)":[159],"derived":[161],"solve":[163],"resulted":[165],"problem.":[167],"convergence":[169],"ADMM":[172],"proven":[174],"theoretically.":[175],"Experimental":[176],"results":[177],"demonstrate":[178],"proposed":[181],"more":[184],"effective":[185],"state-of-the-art":[188],"methods":[189],"dealing":[191],"with":[192],"errors.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}