{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2129210885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2014.2322377","title":"Multiclass Semisupervised Learning Based Upon Kernel Spectral Clustering","display_name":"Multiclass Semisupervised Learning Based Upon Kernel Spectral Clustering","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2129210885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2014.2322377","mag":"2129210885","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25794378"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2014.2322377","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2014.2322377","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076867569","display_name":"Siamak Mehrkanoon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0516-0391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siamak Mehrkanoon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","Department of Electrical EngineeringESAT-STADIUS, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical EngineeringESAT-STADIUS, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049697384","display_name":"Carlos Alzate","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2434-2534"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145784","display_name":"IBM Research - Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/04jnxr720","country_code":"IE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210145784"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Alzate","raw_affiliation_strings":["Smarter Cities Technology Center, IBM Research, Dublin, Ireland","Smarter Cities Technol. Center, IBM Res., Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smarter Cities Technology Center, IBM Research, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145784"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smarter Cities Technol. Center, IBM Res., Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055826525","display_name":"Raghvendra Mall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1779-3150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raghvendra Mall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","Department of Electrical EngineeringESAT-STADIUS, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical EngineeringESAT-STADIUS, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022628045","display_name":"Rocco Langone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7583-7003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rocco Langone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","Department of Electrical EngineeringESAT-STADIUS, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical EngineeringESAT-STADIUS, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078854904","display_name":"Johan A. K. Suykens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8846-6352"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johan A. K. Suykens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","Department of Electrical EngineeringESAT-STADIUS, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical EngineeringESAT-STADIUS, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7755,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96723652,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"4","first_page":"720","last_page":"733"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13717","display_name":"Advanced Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9703999757766724,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6761715412139893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regularization","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","score":0.6706375479698181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-clustering","display_name":"Spectral clustering","score":0.6539276242256165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6474835276603699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5798765420913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5652035474777222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5598574280738831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5222766399383545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semi-supervised-learning","display_name":"Semi-supervised learning","score":0.4654707610607147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4443274140357971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-method","display_name":"Kernel method","score":0.44390031695365906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43873870372772217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiclass-classification","display_name":"Multiclass classification","score":0.42359796166419983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.20292618870735168}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6761715412139893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6706375479698181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105611402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2976589","display_name":"Spectral clustering","level":3,"score":0.6539276242256165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6474835276603699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5798765420913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5652035474777222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5598574280738831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5222766399383545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58973888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1041418","display_name":"Semi-supervised learning","level":2,"score":0.4654707610607147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4443274140357971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122280245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620622","display_name":"Kernel method","level":3,"score":0.44390031695365906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43873870372772217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123860398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934605","display_name":"Multiclass classification","level":3,"score":0.42359796166419983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.20292618870735168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2014.2322377","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2014.2322377","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25794378","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25794378","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl:openaire_cris_publications/4164fc03-74ee-4985-a364-41545b8d5863","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/4164fc03-74ee-4985-a364-41545b8d5863","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402616","display_name":"Research Publications (Maastricht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I34352273","host_organization_name":"Maastricht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34352273"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Mehrkanoon , S , Alzate , C , Mall , R , Langone , R &amp; Suykens , J A K 2015 , ' Multiclass Semisupervised Learning Based Upon Kernel Spectral Clustering ' , IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems , vol. 26 , no. 4 , pp. 720-733 . https://doi.org/10.1109/TNNLS.2014.2322377","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:123456789/458256","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/bitstream/123456789/458256/2/CP_13-146.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055369","display_name":"Lirias","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, vol. 26 (4), Art.No. 4, (720-733)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8305940013","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IOF/KP/SCORES4CHEM","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327336","funder_display_name":"Vlaamse regering"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322273","display_name":"Interdisciplinary institute for BroadBand Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03baec336"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327336","display_name":"Vlaamse regering","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1479807131","https://openalex.org/W1578099820","https://openalex.org/W1663973292","https://openalex.org/W1971421925","https://openalex.org/W1973412776","https://openalex.org/W1983897352","https://openalex.org/W1987971958","https://openalex.org/W2007477772","https://openalex.org/W2019863495","https://openalex.org/W2035435035","https://openalex.org/W2081016392","https://openalex.org/W2082380642","https://openalex.org/W2104290444","https://openalex.org/W2104990616","https://openalex.org/W2105681109","https://openalex.org/W2105690957","https://openalex.org/W2110158442","https://openalex.org/W2112338564","https://openalex.org/W2113054345","https://openalex.org/W2113751382","https://openalex.org/W2117708047","https://openalex.org/W2121927366","https://openalex.org/W2127048411","https://openalex.org/W2131828344","https://openalex.org/W2132914434","https://openalex.org/W2136504847","https://openalex.org/W2137253512","https://openalex.org/W2143115034","https://openalex.org/W2148603752","https://openalex.org/W2160338239","https://openalex.org/W2165874743","https://openalex.org/W2171074980","https://openalex.org/W2171975443","https://openalex.org/W2296319761","https://openalex.org/W2594639291","https://openalex.org/W2997701990","https://openalex.org/W3100506471","https://openalex.org/W3101413764","https://openalex.org/W3102641634","https://openalex.org/W3120740533","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W6675747103","https://openalex.org/W6675938489","https://openalex.org/W6677624947","https://openalex.org/W6680140577","https://openalex.org/W6680278043","https://openalex.org/W6684578312","https://openalex.org/W6788247690"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2389815730","https://openalex.org/W1537592868","https://openalex.org/W2470590370","https://openalex.org/W2215801697","https://openalex.org/W2144252306","https://openalex.org/W3150942535","https://openalex.org/W2006671292","https://openalex.org/W2146407312","https://openalex.org/W2945941367","https://openalex.org/W2975348219"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,114],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,15,32,58,98,116,123],"multiclass":[4],"semisupervised":[5,33,112],"learning":[6,50],"algorithm":[7],"by":[8,67,96],"using":[9,35],"kernel":[10],"spectral":[11],"clustering":[12],"(KSC)":[13],"as":[14],"core":[16],"model.":[17],"A":[18],"regularized":[19],"KSC":[20,78],"is":[21,65,93,109],"formulated":[22],"to":[23,57,72],"estimate":[24],"the":[25,36,49,55,69,73,77,84,102,105],"class":[26],"memberships":[27],"of":[28,54,61,76,126],"data":[29,44,63],"points":[30,45,64],"in":[31,48,101],"setting":[34],"one-versus-all":[37],"strategy":[38],"while":[39],"both":[40],"labeled":[41],"and":[42],"unlabeled":[43,62],"are":[46],"present":[47],"process.":[51],"The":[52,91],"propagation":[53],"labels":[56],"large":[59,124],"amount":[60],"achieved":[66],"adding":[68],"regularization":[70,85],"terms":[71],"cost":[74],"function":[75],"formulation.":[79],"In":[80],"other":[81],"words,":[82],"imposing":[83],"term":[86],"enforces":[87],"certain":[88],"desired":[89],"memberships.":[90],"model":[92],"then":[94],"obtained":[95],"solving":[97],"linear":[99],"system":[100],"dual.":[103],"Furthermore,":[104],"optimal":[106],"embedding":[107],"dimension":[108],"designed":[110],"for":[111],"clustering.":[113],"plays":[115],"key":[117],"role":[118],"when":[119],"one":[120],"deals":[121],"with":[122],"number":[125],"clusters.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
