{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1983010349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2014.2315296","title":"ML-TREE: A Tree-Structure-Based Approach to Multilabel Learning","display_name":"ML-TREE: A Tree-Structure-Based Approach to Multilabel Learning","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-04-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1983010349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2014.2315296","mag":"1983010349","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25546863"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2014.2315296","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2014.2315296","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023130798","display_name":"Qingyao Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6771-3932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158809036","display_name":"Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03wrf9427","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158809036"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qingyao Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Internet Information Collaboration, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Internet Information Collaboration, Shenzhen Graduate School Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Internet Information Collaboration, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Internet Information Collaboration, Shenzhen Graduate School Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158809036","https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002523892","display_name":"Yunming Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1807-8581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158809036","display_name":"Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03wrf9427","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158809036"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunming Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Internet Information Collaboration, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Internet Information Collaboration, Shenzhen Graduate School Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Internet Information Collaboration, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Internet Information Collaboration, Shenzhen Graduate School Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158809036","https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100458457","display_name":"Haijun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1648-0227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158809036","display_name":"Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03wrf9427","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158809036"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haijun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Internet Information Collaboration, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Internet Information Collaboration, Shenzhen Graduate School Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Internet Information Collaboration, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Internet Information Collaboration, Shenzhen Graduate School Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158809036","https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050716572","display_name":"Tommy W. S. Chow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7051-0434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tommy W. S. Chow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","Department of Electronic Engineering; City University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering; City University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049730546","display_name":"Shen-Shyang Ho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0353-7159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shen-Shyang Ho","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,,Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University,,Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023130798"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158809036","https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5442,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96591,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"3","first_page":"430","last_page":"443"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9722999930381775,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9610000252723694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.7081807851791382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.7020082473754883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6978983283042908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6735551357269287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-structure","display_name":"Tree structure","score":0.5447867512702942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4862193167209625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.44197240471839905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.4337359666824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4165511727333069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy","display_name":"Hierarchy","score":0.4149576425552368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3733823597431183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22331586480140686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-tree","display_name":"Binary tree","score":0.22242769598960876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.11391326785087585}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.7081807851791382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.7020082473754883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6978983283042908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6735551357269287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163797641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2067937","display_name":"Tree structure","level":3,"score":0.5447867512702942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4862193167209625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.44197240471839905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.4337359666824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4165511727333069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.4149576425552368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3733823597431183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22331586480140686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197855036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380172","display_name":"Binary tree","level":2,"score":0.22242769598960876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.11391326785087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2014.2315296","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2014.2315296","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25546863","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25546863","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G759237676","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61300209","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7667564328","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61272538","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8347339041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RG-41/12","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320390","funder_display_name":"Australian Cancer Research Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320390","display_name":"Australian Cancer Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0459phn12"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W55768394","https://openalex.org/W130478469","https://openalex.org/W1549710828","https://openalex.org/W1550629956","https://openalex.org/W1558901573","https://openalex.org/W1565746575","https://openalex.org/W1753402186","https://openalex.org/W1967542092","https://openalex.org/W1979974203","https://openalex.org/W1998839399","https://openalex.org/W1999954155","https://openalex.org/W2010835585","https://openalex.org/W2052684427","https://openalex.org/W2053463056","https://openalex.org/W2091961126","https://openalex.org/W2099330554","https://openalex.org/W2111979819","https://openalex.org/W2114281298","https://openalex.org/W2114315281","https://openalex.org/W2115620960","https://openalex.org/W2118712128","https://openalex.org/W2119466907","https://openalex.org/W2127723919","https://openalex.org/W2129026672","https://openalex.org/W2129414564","https://openalex.org/W2137107481","https://openalex.org/W2143854982","https://openalex.org/W2145827727","https://openalex.org/W2146241755","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2155144632","https://openalex.org/W2155319834","https://openalex.org/W2156935079","https://openalex.org/W2157065343","https://openalex.org/W2164549208","https://openalex.org/W2165766797","https://openalex.org/W2711266013","https://openalex.org/W3008214279","https://openalex.org/W3015464002","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6632816258","https://openalex.org/W6633037791","https://openalex.org/W6677222910","https://openalex.org/W6677758222","https://openalex.org/W6679166005","https://openalex.org/W6679196975","https://openalex.org/W6680483772","https://openalex.org/W6682932635","https://openalex.org/W6682939927","https://openalex.org/W6683152347","https://openalex.org/W6683944004","https://openalex.org/W6683986530"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985727224","https://openalex.org/W2376211578","https://openalex.org/W2071459461","https://openalex.org/W2093885745","https://openalex.org/W2351266481","https://openalex.org/W2132547887","https://openalex.org/W2066802334","https://openalex.org/W2516987005","https://openalex.org/W2907786475","https://openalex.org/W2963447120"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multilabel":[0],"learning":[1,10,159],"aims":[2],"to":[3,28,38,71,88,123,180],"predict":[4],"labels":[5,110,115,120],"of":[6,20,55,64,104,128,135,149,163,185,195],"unseen":[7],"instances":[8],"by":[9,168],"from":[11],"training":[12],"samples":[13],"that":[14],"are":[15,121,166],"associated":[16],"with":[17,155],"a":[18,30,50,53,84],"set":[19],"known":[21],"labels.":[22],"In":[23],"this":[24],"paper,":[25],"we":[26,82],"propose":[27],"use":[29],"hierarchical":[31],"tree":[32,46,51,60,96],"model":[33,97],"for":[34,43,98],"multilabel":[35,99,158],"learning,":[36],"and":[37,57,101,152,177],"develop":[39],"the":[40,45,59,62,74,90,95,105,136,141,182,186,193],"ML-Tree":[41,48,142],"algorithm":[42],"finding":[44],"structure.":[47],"considers":[49],"as":[52,113],"hierarchy":[54],"data":[56,75,147],"constructs":[58],"using":[61],"induction":[63],"one-against-all":[65],"SVM":[66],"classifiers":[67],"at":[68,116],"each":[69,80],"node":[70],"recursively":[72],"partition":[73],"into":[76],"child":[77],"nodes.":[78],"For":[79],"node,":[81],"define":[83],"predictive":[85,91,114,129],"label":[86,92,106,130,137],"vector":[87],"represent":[89],"transmission":[93],"in":[94,188],"prediction":[100],"automatic":[102],"discovery":[103],"relationships.":[107,138],"If":[108],"two":[109],"co-occur":[111],"frequently":[112],"leaf":[117],"nodes,":[118],"these":[119,164],"supposed":[122],"be":[124],"relevant.":[125],"The":[126,161],"amount":[127],"co-occurrence":[131],"provides":[132],"an":[133],"estimation":[134],"We":[139,173],"examine":[140],"method":[143],"on":[144],"11":[145],"real":[146],"sets":[148],"different":[150],"domains":[151],"compare":[153],"it":[154],"six":[156],"well-established":[157],"algorithms.":[160],"performances":[162],"approaches":[165],"evaluated":[167],"16":[169],"commonly":[170],"used":[171],"measures.":[172],"also":[174],"conduct":[175],"Friedman":[176],"Nemenyi":[178],"tests":[179],"assess":[181],"statistical":[183],"significance":[184],"differences":[187],"performance.":[189],"Experimental":[190],"results":[191],"demonstrate":[192],"effectiveness":[194],"our":[196],"method.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
