{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1994581943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2014.2303478","title":"Real-Time Keypoint Recognition Using Restricted Boltzmann Machine","display_name":"Real-Time Keypoint Recognition Using Restricted Boltzmann Machine","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-02-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1994581943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2014.2303478","mag":"1994581943","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25330434"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2014.2303478","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2014.2303478","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101507566","display_name":"Miaolong Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8114-8143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miaolong Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057282687","display_name":"Huajin Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9857-1543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125143","display_name":"Chengdu University","ror":"https://ror.org/034z67559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143"]}],"countries":["CN","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huajin Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","Institute for Infocomm Research, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143","https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032690182","display_name":"Haizhou Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9158-9401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haizhou Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore","School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7278,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74283808,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"11","first_page":"2119","last_page":"2126"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7487529516220093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boltzmann-machine","display_name":"Boltzmann machine","score":0.7063625454902649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6911792755126953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/restricted-boltzmann-machine","display_name":"Restricted Boltzmann machine","score":0.6856383085250854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5875914096832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5636042952537537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-model","display_name":"Generative model","score":0.5587525963783264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-neuroscience-of-visual-object-recognition","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","score":0.535132110118866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.48904022574424744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.451389342546463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.424843966960907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.35510504245758057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.3019563555717468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.2978595495223999}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7487529516220093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192576344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194706","display_name":"Boltzmann machine","level":3,"score":0.7063625454902649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6911792755126953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199354608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316287","display_name":"Restricted Boltzmann machine","level":3,"score":0.6856383085250854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5875914096832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5636042952537537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.5587525963783264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64876066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141226","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","level":3,"score":0.535132110118866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.48904022574424744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.451389342546463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.424843966960907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.35510504245758057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3019563555717468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.2978595495223999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2014.2303478","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2014.2303478","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25330434","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25330434","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1215388","https://openalex.org/W1677409904","https://openalex.org/W1813659000","https://openalex.org/W1939232937","https://openalex.org/W1943822390","https://openalex.org/W1964155876","https://openalex.org/W1971616954","https://openalex.org/W1992047056","https://openalex.org/W2000326692","https://openalex.org/W2000648597","https://openalex.org/W2005286252","https://openalex.org/W2011891945","https://openalex.org/W2072128103","https://openalex.org/W2079968649","https://openalex.org/W2089888558","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2100588357","https://openalex.org/W2100717332","https://openalex.org/W2106922332","https://openalex.org/W2109366588","https://openalex.org/W2119747362","https://openalex.org/W2124087378","https://openalex.org/W2124914669","https://openalex.org/W2131375057","https://openalex.org/W2143753158","https://openalex.org/W2145072179","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2152739884","https://openalex.org/W2158164339","https://openalex.org/W2163614729","https://openalex.org/W2165497495","https://openalex.org/W2166644671","https://openalex.org/W2167998037","https://openalex.org/W4231109964","https://openalex.org/W6637400245","https://openalex.org/W6638304892","https://openalex.org/W6640404424","https://openalex.org/W6678801095","https://openalex.org/W6681554747","https://openalex.org/W6683128514","https://openalex.org/W6683915439"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4283272532","https://openalex.org/W2952018105","https://openalex.org/W2119341610","https://openalex.org/W2916681395","https://openalex.org/W2556473569","https://openalex.org/W4302433642","https://openalex.org/W2529583158","https://openalex.org/W2108438604","https://openalex.org/W4360831753","https://openalex.org/W2808857225"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Feature":[0],"point":[1],"recognition":[2,17,29,49],"is":[3],"a":[4,43,106,137],"key":[5],"component":[6],"in":[7,113,126],"many":[8,65],"vision-based":[9,13],"applications,":[10],"such":[11],"as":[12,105],"robot":[14],"navigation,":[15],"object":[16],"and":[18,22,27,72,145],"classification,":[19],"image-based":[20],"modeling,":[21],"augmented":[23],"reality.":[24],"Real-time":[25],"performance":[26],"high":[28],"rates":[30],"are":[31,56],"of":[32,64,68,81,94,139,147],"crucial":[33],"importance":[34],"to":[35,77,90,109,123,141],"these":[36],"applications.":[37],"In":[38],"this":[39],"brief,":[40],"we":[41,86],"propose":[42],"novel":[44],"method":[45],"for":[46],"real-time":[47,114,130],"keypoint":[48],"using":[50],"restricted":[51],"Boltzmann":[52],"machine":[53],"(RBM).":[54],"RBMs":[55],"generative":[57],"models":[58],"that":[59,128],"can":[60,102],"learn":[61],"probability":[62],"distributions":[63,93],"different":[66],"types":[67],"data":[69,74,84],"including":[70],"labeled":[71],"unlabeled":[73],"sets.":[75],"Due":[76],"the":[78,82,95,99,111,116,143,148],"inherent":[79],"noise":[80],"training":[83,96],"sets,":[85],"use":[87],"an":[88],"RBM":[89,101],"model":[91],"statistical":[92],"data.":[97],"Furthermore,":[98],"learned":[100],"be":[103,124],"used":[104],"competitive":[107],"classifier":[108],"recognize":[110],"keypoints":[112],"during":[115],"tracking":[117],"stage,":[118],"thus":[119],"making":[120],"it":[121],"advantageous":[122],"employed":[125],"applications":[127],"require":[129],"performance.":[131],"Experiments":[132],"have":[133],"been":[134],"conducted":[135],"under":[136],"variety":[138],"conditions":[140],"demonstrate":[142],"effectiveness":[144],"generalization":[146],"proposed":[149],"approach.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
