{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2026357342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2013.2269615","title":"Multilabel Classification Using Error-Correcting Codes of Hard or Soft Bits","display_name":"Multilabel Classification Using Error-Correcting Codes of Hard or Soft Bits","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-07-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2026357342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2013.2269615","mag":"2026357342","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24808620"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2013.2269615","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2013.2269615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030156442","display_name":"Chun-Sung Ferng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun-Sung Ferng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","[dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100616524","display_name":"Hsuan-Tien Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2968-0671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsuan-Tien Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","[dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4603,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85697075,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"11","first_page":"1888","last_page":"1900"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7640560269355774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.7047291994094849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base","display_name":"Base (topology)","score":0.5220056176185608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.48541221022605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repetition","display_name":"Repetition (rhetorical device)","score":0.4841921627521515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.4681399464607239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-detection-and-correction","display_name":"Error detection and correction","score":0.4655189514160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36629176139831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3488028347492218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.24181202054023743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15134021639823914}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7640560269355774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.7047291994094849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5220056176185608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.48541221022605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776141515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1274479","display_name":"Repetition (rhetorical device)","level":2,"score":0.4841921627521515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.4681399464607239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.4655189514160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36629176139831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3488028347492218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.24181202054023743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15134021639823914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2013.2269615","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2013.2269615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:24808620","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24808620","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.712.6869","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.712.6869","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/%7Ehtlin/paper/doc/mlecc.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W24166807","https://openalex.org/W1578772208","https://openalex.org/W1607198972","https://openalex.org/W1676820704","https://openalex.org/W1848903538","https://openalex.org/W1953606363","https://openalex.org/W1980073965","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2027869746","https://openalex.org/W2043080228","https://openalex.org/W2083774980","https://openalex.org/W2100040295","https://openalex.org/W2114393161","https://openalex.org/W2115119296","https://openalex.org/W2115857118","https://openalex.org/W2118585731","https://openalex.org/W2128765501","https://openalex.org/W2133990480","https://openalex.org/W2137107481","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2156935079","https://openalex.org/W2165766797","https://openalex.org/W2166912588","https://openalex.org/W2188400996","https://openalex.org/W2292376821","https://openalex.org/W2342204193","https://openalex.org/W2404212720","https://openalex.org/W2498844334","https://openalex.org/W2951238624","https://openalex.org/W2993383518","https://openalex.org/W3008214279","https://openalex.org/W3120421331","https://openalex.org/W3140968660","https://openalex.org/W3216147140","https://openalex.org/W4300188436","https://openalex.org/W6600968376","https://openalex.org/W6634795092","https://openalex.org/W6640860807","https://openalex.org/W6674936622","https://openalex.org/W6677150689","https://openalex.org/W6677656871","https://openalex.org/W6680483772","https://openalex.org/W6683944004","https://openalex.org/W6697129201","https://openalex.org/W6713168035","https://openalex.org/W6764172607","https://openalex.org/W6804434002"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2996195527","https://openalex.org/W2612358220","https://openalex.org/W2351132524","https://openalex.org/W2916738897","https://openalex.org/W2392934913","https://openalex.org/W3011277146","https://openalex.org/W11343509","https://openalex.org/W2003474770","https://openalex.org/W2387559381","https://openalex.org/W3095212622"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,148],"formulate":[1],"a":[2,39,52,62,145],"framework":[3,14,35],"for":[4,69],"applying":[5,83],"error-correcting":[6],"codes":[7],"(ECCs)":[8],"on":[9,106],"multilabel":[10,70],"classification":[11],"problems.":[12],"The":[13,34,72],"treats":[15],"some":[16,84],"base":[17,125],"learners":[18],"as":[19],"noisy":[20],"channels":[21],"and":[22,120],"uses":[23],"ECC":[24,67,119,134],"to":[25,38,111,133],"correct":[26],"the":[27,32,44,57,91,113,116,121,124,151,154],"prediction":[28],"errors":[29],"made":[30],"by":[31,82,99,143],"learners.":[33],"immediately":[36],"leads":[37],"novel":[40,146],"ECC-based":[41],"explanation":[42],"of":[43,65,118,123,156],"popular":[45],"random":[46],"k-label":[47],"sets":[48],"(RAKEL)":[49],"algorithm":[50],"using":[51],"simple":[53],"repetition":[54],"ECC.":[55],"With":[56],"framework,":[58],"we":[59,129],"empirically":[60],"compare":[61],"broad":[63],"spectrum":[64],"off-the-shelf":[66],"designs":[68],"classification.":[71],"results":[73],"not":[74],"only":[75],"demonstrate":[76,149],"that":[77,90,150],"RAKEL":[78],"can":[79,96],"be":[80,97],"improved":[81],"stronger":[85],"ECC,":[86],"but":[87],"also":[88,109],"show":[89],"traditional":[92],"binary":[93],"relevance":[94],"approach":[95],"enhanced":[98],"learning":[100,126],"more":[101],"parity-checking":[102],"labels.":[103],"Our":[104],"research":[105,132],"different":[107],"ECCs":[108],"helps":[110],"understand":[112],"tradeoff":[114],"between":[115],"strength":[117],"hardness":[122],"tasks.":[127],"Furthermore,":[128],"extend":[130],"our":[131,157],"with":[135],"either":[136],"hard":[137],"(binary)":[138],"or":[139],"soft":[140],"(real-valued)":[141],"bits":[142],"designing":[144],"decoder.":[147],"decoder":[152],"improves":[153],"performance":[155],"framework.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
