{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2156869838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2012.2235460","title":"Projection-Based Fast Learning Fully Complex-Valued Relaxation Neural Network","display_name":"Projection-Based Fast Learning Fully Complex-Valued Relaxation Neural Network","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2156869838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2012.2235460","mag":"2156869838","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24808375"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2012.2235460","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2012.2235460","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"R. Savitha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. Savitha","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"S. Suresh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Suresh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080692534","display_name":"N. Sundararajan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6972-8775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Sundararajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.8042,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9911645,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"4","first_page":"529","last_page":"541"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.624458372592926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maxima-and-minima","display_name":"Maxima and minima","score":0.5844919085502625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activation-function","display_name":"Activation function","score":0.5825701355934143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5526278614997864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.5512974858283997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5032526850700378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4808710217475891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.46991315484046936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relaxation","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","score":0.45394235849380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3609464764595032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36065351963043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.12077522277832031}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.624458372592926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186633575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845060","display_name":"Maxima and minima","level":2,"score":0.5844919085502625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38365724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677469","display_name":"Activation function","level":3,"score":0.5825701355934143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5526278614997864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5512974858283997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5032526850700378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4808710217475891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.46991315484046936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776029896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3935810","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.45394235849380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3609464764595032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36065351963043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.12077522277832031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2012.2235460","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2012.2235460","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:24808375","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24808375","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491109205","https://openalex.org/W1528288284","https://openalex.org/W1559749676","https://openalex.org/W1564485251","https://openalex.org/W1565746575","https://openalex.org/W1669659619","https://openalex.org/W1969885712","https://openalex.org/W1975926472","https://openalex.org/W1978437915","https://openalex.org/W1978524241","https://openalex.org/W1992608033","https://openalex.org/W1993342340","https://openalex.org/W2006476624","https://openalex.org/W2016944307","https://openalex.org/W2019440389","https://openalex.org/W2031296078","https://openalex.org/W2042042193","https://openalex.org/W2051137709","https://openalex.org/W2053204899","https://openalex.org/W2058399474","https://openalex.org/W2061554433","https://openalex.org/W2065234731","https://openalex.org/W2070857393","https://openalex.org/W2080460674","https://openalex.org/W2084812512","https://openalex.org/W2089823888","https://openalex.org/W2093964576","https://openalex.org/W2098524127","https://openalex.org/W2105050785","https://openalex.org/W2106772201","https://openalex.org/W2117830586","https://openalex.org/W2118978333","https://openalex.org/W2135082607","https://openalex.org/W2139868241","https://openalex.org/W2141804730","https://openalex.org/W2143572124","https://openalex.org/W2143747384","https://openalex.org/W2146348301","https://openalex.org/W2150007836","https://openalex.org/W2150765881","https://openalex.org/W2157077261","https://openalex.org/W2159378532","https://openalex.org/W2161694749","https://openalex.org/W2161780063","https://openalex.org/W2163572752","https://openalex.org/W2165215236","https://openalex.org/W2169006540","https://openalex.org/W2311297018","https://openalex.org/W2514575318","https://openalex.org/W2982720039","https://openalex.org/W4297913868","https://openalex.org/W6633774736","https://openalex.org/W6637155627","https://openalex.org/W6726088282"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2375684291","https://openalex.org/W2354676191","https://openalex.org/W3188646203","https://openalex.org/W136674370","https://openalex.org/W2909957174","https://openalex.org/W2105527480","https://openalex.org/W4320035781","https://openalex.org/W2052387497","https://openalex.org/W4246278799","https://openalex.org/W2050203848"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,195],"presents":[2],"a":[3,17,23,42,62,107,124,136,153,178,188],"fully":[4],"complex-valued":[5],"relaxation":[6],"network":[7,21],"(FCRN)":[8],"with":[9,22,123],"its":[10],"projection-based":[11,81],"learning":[12,82,150],"algorithm.":[13],"The":[14,114,128],"FCRN":[15,116,132,170],"is":[16,133,156,171],"single":[18],"hidden":[19,30,46],"layer":[20,31],"Gaussian-like":[24],"sech":[25],"activation":[26,35],"function":[27,36,65,96],"in":[28,37],"the":[29,38,48,55,75,85,91,94,99,118,144,160,165,169,198,203],"and":[32,54,77,187],"an":[33,68,184],"exponential":[34],"output":[39,56,87,120],"layer.":[40],"For":[41],"given":[43],"number":[44],"of":[45,93,105,109,131,138,146,202],"neurons,":[47],"input":[49,162],"weights":[50,57,88],"are":[51,58],"assigned":[52],"randomly":[53],"estimated":[59],"by":[60,97],"minimizing":[61],"nonlinear":[63,100],"logarithmic":[64],"(called":[66],"as":[67],"energy":[69,95],"function)":[70],"which":[71],"explicitly":[72],"contains":[73],"both":[74],"magnitude":[76],"phase":[78],"errors.":[79],"A":[80],"algorithm":[83],"determines":[84],"optimal":[86],"corresponding":[89],"to":[90,158,164,173],"minima":[92],"converting":[98],"programming":[101],"problem":[102],"into":[103],"that":[104],"solving":[106],"set":[108,137],"simultaneous":[110],"linear":[111],"algebraic":[112],"equations.":[113],"resultant":[115],"approximates":[117],"desired":[119],"more":[121],"accurately":[122],"lower":[125],"computational":[126],"effort.":[127],"classification":[129,141],"ability":[130],"evaluated":[134],"using":[135],"real-valued":[139,161],"benchmark":[140],"problems":[142],"from":[143,193],"University":[145],"California,":[147],"Irvine":[148],"machine":[149],"repository.":[151],"Here,":[152],"circular":[154],"transformation":[155],"used":[157,172],"transform":[159],"features":[163],"complex":[166],"domain.":[167],"Next,":[168],"solve":[174],"three":[175],"practical":[176],"problems:":[177],"quadrature":[179],"amplitude":[180],"modulation":[181],"channel":[182],"equalization,":[183],"adaptive":[185],"beamforming,":[186],"mammogram":[189],"classification.":[190],"Performance":[191],"results":[192],"this":[194],"clearly":[196],"indicate":[197],"superior":[199],"classification/approximation":[200],"performance":[201],"FCRN.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
