{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2102013737","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnn.2010.2073482","title":"Neural Network Learning Without Backpropagation","display_name":"Neural Network Learning Without Backpropagation","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2102013737","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnn.2010.2073482","mag":"2102013737","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20858577"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnn.2010.2073482","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnn.2010.2073482","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42080949","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks","issn_l":"1045-9227","issn":["1045-9227","1941-0093"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084622054","display_name":"Bogdan M. Wilamowski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B M Wilamowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5201 USA. wilam@ieee.org","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng, Auburn Univ., Auburn, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5201 USA. wilam@ieee.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng, Auburn Univ., Auburn, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032594700","display_name":"Hao Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4821-7837"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aubum University, Auburn, AL, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng, Auburn Univ., Auburn, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aubum University, Auburn, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng, Auburn Univ., Auburn, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.4495,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":200,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99247893,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"11","first_page":"1793","last_page":"1803"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backpropagation","display_name":"Backpropagation","score":0.7990297079086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7950541377067566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.7936774492263794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.6907671093940735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-delay-neural-network","display_name":"Time delay neural network","score":0.6364557147026062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5768129229545593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/types-of-artificial-neural-networks","display_name":"Types of artificial neural networks","score":0.5179480910301208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-neural-network","display_name":"Stochastic neural network","score":0.48837631940841675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/models-of-neural-computation","display_name":"Models of neural computation","score":0.4266875982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feedforward-neural-network","display_name":"Feedforward neural network","score":0.41944682598114014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-neural-network","display_name":"Physical neural network","score":0.4168434739112854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3474322557449341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.24467924237251282}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155032097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798503","display_name":"Backpropagation","level":3,"score":0.7990297079086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7950541377067566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.7936774492263794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.6907671093940735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175202392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2434543","display_name":"Time delay neural network","level":3,"score":0.6364557147026062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5768129229545593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177973122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7860946","display_name":"Types of artificial neural networks","level":4,"score":0.5179480910301208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86582703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617824","display_name":"Stochastic neural network","level":4,"score":0.48837631940841675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3832189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8588916","display_name":"Models of neural computation","level":3,"score":0.4266875982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47702885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441227","display_name":"Feedforward neural network","level":3,"score":0.41944682598114014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33766855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7189618","display_name":"Physical neural network","level":5,"score":0.4168434739112854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3474322557449341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.24467924237251282}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008432","descriptor_name":"Mathematical Computing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008432","descriptor_name":"Mathematical Computing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008432","descriptor_name":"Mathematical Computing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012985","descriptor_name":"Software Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012985","descriptor_name":"Software Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012985","descriptor_name":"Software Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnn.2010.2073482","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnn.2010.2073482","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42080949","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks","issn_l":"1045-9227","issn":["1045-9227","1941-0093"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:20858577","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20858577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1559107966","https://openalex.org/W1586313164","https://openalex.org/W1977638158","https://openalex.org/W1994530392","https://openalex.org/W2000629020","https://openalex.org/W2019282798","https://openalex.org/W2039708501","https://openalex.org/W2060357316","https://openalex.org/W2104189323","https://openalex.org/W2104352549","https://openalex.org/W2105304725","https://openalex.org/W2105928166","https://openalex.org/W2115542642","https://openalex.org/W2116621978","https://openalex.org/W2126401236","https://openalex.org/W2128787017","https://openalex.org/W2130317597","https://openalex.org/W2133764509","https://openalex.org/W2136772527","https://openalex.org/W2139528766","https://openalex.org/W2143908786","https://openalex.org/W2153167119","https://openalex.org/W2153718237","https://openalex.org/W2153795254","https://openalex.org/W2155482699","https://openalex.org/W2167175022","https://openalex.org/W2256578114","https://openalex.org/W2416739038"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1595652908","https://openalex.org/W1584270863","https://openalex.org/W651238688","https://openalex.org/W180587397","https://openalex.org/W2085961337","https://openalex.org/W1973323485","https://openalex.org/W1548385991","https://openalex.org/W2371506377","https://openalex.org/W1859305484","https://openalex.org/W2474902844"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,27],"method":[1,29],"introduced":[2],"in":[3],"this":[4],"paper":[5],"allows":[6],"for":[7],"training":[8],"arbitrarily":[9],"connected":[10],"neural":[11,16,32],"networks,":[12],"therefore,":[13],"more":[14],"powerful":[15],"network":[17,33],"architectures":[18],"with":[19],"connections":[20],"across":[21],"layers":[22],"can":[23],"be":[24],"efficiently":[25],"trained.":[26],"proposed":[28],"also":[30],"simplifies":[31],"training,":[34],"by":[35],"using":[36],"the":[37,42],"forward-only":[38],"computation":[39],"instead":[40],"of":[41],"traditionally":[43],"used":[44],"forward":[45],"and":[46],"backward":[47],"computation.":[48]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}