{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2150892735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnn.2008.2003187","title":"Color Image Discriminant Models and Algorithms for Face Recognition","display_name":"Color Image Discriminant Models and Algorithms for Face Recognition","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2150892735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnn.2008.2003187","mag":"2150892735","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19054733"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnn.2008.2003187","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnn.2008.2003187","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42080949","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks","issn_l":"1045-9227","issn":["1045-9227","1941-0093"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100726984","display_name":"Jian Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4800-832X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118118575","display_name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05e74xb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA. csjyang@njit.edu","School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology of PLA, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA. csjyang@njit.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology of PLA, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108489454","display_name":"Chengjun Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118118575","display_name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05e74xb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengjun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.7292,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":108,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9811118,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"12","first_page":"2088","last_page":"2098"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.7076188325881958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.690470814704895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.654127836227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5758153796195984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.5616623759269714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminant","display_name":"Discriminant","score":0.5143178701400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5040940046310425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.443235844373703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.39547592401504517}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.7076188325881958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.690470814704895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.654127836227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5758153796195984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.5616623759269714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78397625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192487","display_name":"Discriminant","level":2,"score":0.5143178701400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5040940046310425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.443235844373703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.39547592401504517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001699","descriptor_name":"Biometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001699","descriptor_name":"Biometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001699","descriptor_name":"Biometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003116","descriptor_name":"Color","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003116","descriptor_name":"Color","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003116","descriptor_name":"Color","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003124","descriptor_name":"Colorimetry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003124","descriptor_name":"Colorimetry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003124","descriptor_name":"Colorimetry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016002","descriptor_name":"Discriminant Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016002","descriptor_name":"Discriminant Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016002","descriptor_name":"Discriminant Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnn.2008.2003187","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnn.2008.2003187","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42080949","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks","issn_l":"1045-9227","issn":["1045-9227","1941-0093"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19054733","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19054733","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515707506","https://openalex.org/W1574019097","https://openalex.org/W1761337995","https://openalex.org/W1968189504","https://openalex.org/W1974097586","https://openalex.org/W1997071866","https://openalex.org/W2002552184","https://openalex.org/W2009596443","https://openalex.org/W2012352340","https://openalex.org/W2028339207","https://openalex.org/W2043999711","https://openalex.org/W2061272711","https://openalex.org/W2062199239","https://openalex.org/W2097366995","https://openalex.org/W2106309274","https://openalex.org/W2106822035","https://openalex.org/W2110249778","https://openalex.org/W2111433705","https://openalex.org/W2113593239","https://openalex.org/W2121647436","https://openalex.org/W2122426897","https://openalex.org/W2126136175","https://openalex.org/W2126687887","https://openalex.org/W2130660124","https://openalex.org/W2134486056","https://openalex.org/W2135346934","https://openalex.org/W2137659841","https://openalex.org/W2138451337","https://openalex.org/W2140907607","https://openalex.org/W2143857284","https://openalex.org/W2144119003","https://openalex.org/W2147933509","https://openalex.org/W2153164257","https://openalex.org/W2156334937","https://openalex.org/W2160835070","https://openalex.org/W2162557814","https://openalex.org/W2164071167","https://openalex.org/W2165731615","https://openalex.org/W2511353375","https://openalex.org/W2914885528","https://openalex.org/W6674755931"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2350751952","https://openalex.org/W1999647744","https://openalex.org/W2362114017","https://openalex.org/W3147024994","https://openalex.org/W2063246903","https://openalex.org/W2374055396","https://openalex.org/W1978302214","https://openalex.org/W2021817983","https://openalex.org/W1995039490","https://openalex.org/W2156856390"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,43],"basic":[4,67],"color":[5,15,25,46,51,62,96,102,107],"image":[6,16,26,52,63],"discriminant":[7],"(CID)":[8],"model":[9],"and":[10,28,54,70,125,139,163],"its":[11,71],"general":[12,72,86],"version":[13,73,148],"for":[14,50,61,109,143],"recognition.":[17],"The":[18,34,85],"CID":[19,68,87],"models":[20,138],"seek":[21],"to":[22,76,93],"unify":[23],"the":[24,78,82,100,105,113,118,126,133,136,144,168,172,181],"representation":[27,53],"recognition":[29,114,120],"tasks":[30],"into":[31],"one":[32,55],"framework.":[33],"proposed":[35,83,137,169],"models,":[36],"therefore,":[37],"involve":[38],"two":[39],"sets":[40],"of":[41,45,81,104,112,135,178,186],"variables:":[42],"set":[44],"component":[47],"combination":[48],"coefficients":[49],"or":[56],"multiple":[57],"projection":[58],"basis":[59],"vectors":[60],"discrimination.":[64],"An":[65],"iterative":[66],"algorithm":[69,89],"are":[74],"designed":[75],"find":[77],"optimal":[79],"solution":[80],"models.":[84],"(GCID)":[88],"is":[90],"further":[91,110],"extended":[92],"generate":[94],"three":[95,101],"components":[97,103],"(such":[98],"as":[99],"RGB":[106],"images)":[108],"improvement":[111],"performance.":[115],"Experiments":[116],"using":[117],"face":[119,173],"grand":[121],"challenge":[122],"(FRGC)":[123],"database":[124],"biometric":[127],"experimentation":[128],"environment":[129],"(BEE)":[130],"system":[131],"show":[132],"effectiveness":[134],"algorithms.":[140],"In":[141],"particular,":[142],"most":[145],"challenging":[146],"FRGC":[147],"2":[149],"Experiment":[150],"4,":[151],"which":[152],"contains":[153],"12":[154],"776":[155],"training":[156],"images,":[157,162,167],"16":[158],"028":[159],"controlled":[160],"target":[161],"8014":[164],"uncontrolled":[165],"query":[166],"method":[170],"achieves":[171],"verification":[174],"rate":[175,184],"(ROC":[176],"III)":[177],"78.26%":[179],"at":[180],"false":[182],"accept":[183],"(FAR)":[185],"0.1%.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":19}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}