{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401072847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2024.3432183","title":"Analysis of Fork-Join Scheduling on Heterogeneous Parallel Servers","display_name":"Analysis of Fork-Join Scheduling on Heterogeneous Parallel Servers","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401072847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2024.3432183"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnet.2024.3432183","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2024.3432183","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62238642","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"1063-6692","issn":["1063-6692","1558-2566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101531098","display_name":"Moonmoon Mohanty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6703-6875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59270414","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/04dese585","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Moonmoon Mohanty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092664357","display_name":"Gaurav Gautam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3065-1383"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146682","display_name":"Intel (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2n1245","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700","https://openalex.org/I4210146682"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59270414","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/04dese585","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaurav Gautam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Networked Intelligence, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Networked Intelligence, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59270414","https://openalex.org/I4210146682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064822688","display_name":"Vaneet Aggarwal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9131-4723"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vaneet Aggarwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, School of Industrial Engineering, the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","School of Industrial Engineering, the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and the Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, School of Industrial Engineering, the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Industrial Engineering, the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and the Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043638260","display_name":"Parimal Parag","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3757-904X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59270414","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/04dese585","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Parimal Parag","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101531098"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12419367,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"6","first_page":"4798","last_page":"4809"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9815999865531921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.963100016117096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fork","display_name":"Fork (system call)","score":0.8988732695579529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/join","display_name":"Join (topology)","score":0.712517499923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6877743601799011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.546635091304779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fork\u2013join-queue","display_name":"Fork\u2013join queue","score":0.5000956058502197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.46010884642601013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.45806318521499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.4531855285167694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3013917803764343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2719203233718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09874054789543152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09211799502372742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.09037306904792786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/queueing-theory","display_name":"Queueing theory","score":0.06518888473510742}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40523978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14675","display_name":"Fork (system call)","level":2,"score":0.8988732695579529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776124973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3183033","display_name":"Join (topology)","level":2,"score":0.712517499923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6877743601799011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.546635091304779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124444977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4025962","display_name":"Fork\u2013join queue","level":4,"score":0.5000956058502197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.46010884642601013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.45806318521499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4531855285167694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3013917803764343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2719203233718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09874054789543152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09211799502372742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.09037306904792786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22684755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847526","display_name":"Queueing theory","level":2,"score":0.06518888473510742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128220111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4531011","display_name":"Queue management system","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnet.2024.3432183","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2024.3432183","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62238642","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"1063-6692","issn":["1063-6692","1558-2566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1031683594","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SPARC/2024/3927","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320270","funder_display_name":"UK-India Education and Research Initiative"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2537239581","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CRG/2023/008854","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334771","funder_display_name":"Science and Engineering Research Board"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320270","display_name":"UK-India Education and Research Initiative","ror":"https://ror.org/037dz3r63"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334771","display_name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","ror":"https://ror.org/03ffdsr55"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W615459224","https://openalex.org/W1976448792","https://openalex.org/W1997049009","https://openalex.org/W2023246505","https://openalex.org/W2064823719","https://openalex.org/W2117702591","https://openalex.org/W2168006621","https://openalex.org/W2173213060","https://openalex.org/W2567951755","https://openalex.org/W2604490148","https://openalex.org/W2611798620","https://openalex.org/W2763261950","https://openalex.org/W2909732128","https://openalex.org/W2942454391","https://openalex.org/W2946029609","https://openalex.org/W2964118719","https://openalex.org/W2988366014","https://openalex.org/W3011442206","https://openalex.org/W3011913216","https://openalex.org/W3091464877","https://openalex.org/W3092267759","https://openalex.org/W3125609401","https://openalex.org/W3179837470","https://openalex.org/W3181948389","https://openalex.org/W3197117126","https://openalex.org/W4225552113","https://openalex.org/W4247230948","https://openalex.org/W4256337812","https://openalex.org/W4302373421","https://openalex.org/W4304890852","https://openalex.org/W4367181274","https://openalex.org/W4387517333","https://openalex.org/W6684492692"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W618449037","https://openalex.org/W2004812593","https://openalex.org/W2093074882","https://openalex.org/W2315975353","https://openalex.org/W2516172998","https://openalex.org/W2004439486","https://openalex.org/W2369103189","https://openalex.org/W4221031485","https://openalex.org/W2379380911","https://openalex.org/W3127886951"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,29,80,84,97,118,137,162,170],"<inline-formula":[4,62,69,107,141,173,190],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[5,63,70,108,142,174,191],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[6,64,71,109,143,175,192],"<tex-math":[7,65,72,110,144,176,193],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$(k,k)$":[8],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[9,67,148,179,196],"fork-join":[10],"scheduling":[11],"scheme":[12],"on":[13,161],"a":[14,39,53,198],"system":[15,30],"of":[16,42,83,90,99],"n":[17,101],"parallel":[18],"servers":[19,100],"comprising":[20],"both":[21],"slow":[22,55],"and":[23,36,168],"fast":[24,57],"servers.":[25],"Tasks":[26],"arriving":[27],"in":[28],"are":[31],"divided":[32],"into":[33],"k":[34,43,91,104],"sub-tasks":[35],"assigned":[37,50],"to":[38,52,135],"random":[40],"set":[41,89],"servers,":[44],"where":[45],"each":[46],"task":[47,121,165],"can":[48,124],"be":[49,125],"independently":[51],"distinct":[54],"or":[56,68],"server":[58],"with":[59,103],"selection":[60,139,171,188],"probability":[61,140,172,189],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$p_{s}$":[66],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$1-p_{s}$":[73],"</tex-math></inline-formula>,":[74],"respectively.":[75],"Our":[76],"analysis":[77],"demonstrates":[78],"that":[79,149,180,186],"joint":[81],"distribution":[82],"stationary":[85],"workload":[86],"across":[87],"any":[88],"queues":[92],"becomes":[93],"asymptotically":[94],"independent":[95],"as":[96,106,127],"number":[98],"grows,":[102],"scaling":[105],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$o\\left":[111],"({{n^{\\frac":[112],"{1}{4}}}}\\right)$":[113],"</tex-math></inline-formula>.":[114],"Under":[115],"asymptotic":[116],"independence,":[117],"limiting":[119,163],"mean":[120,164],"completion":[122,166],"time":[123,167],"expressed":[126],"an":[128,158],"integral.":[129,152],"However,":[130],"it":[131],"is":[132],"analytically":[133],"challenging":[134],"compute":[136],"optimal":[138],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$p_{s}^{\\ast":[145],"}":[146],"$":[147],"minimizes":[150,181],"this":[151,182,187],"To":[153],"address":[154],"this,":[155],"we":[156],"provide":[157],"upper":[159],"bound":[160],"identify":[169],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\hat":[177,194],"{p}_{s}$":[178,195],"bound.":[183],"We":[184],"validate":[185],"yields":[197],"near-optimal":[199],"performance":[200],"through":[201],"numerical":[202],"experiments.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}