{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226078703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2024.3368130","title":"Asynchronous Load Balancing and Auto-Scaling: Mean-Field Limit and Optimal Design","display_name":"Asynchronous Load Balancing and Auto-Scaling: Mean-Field Limit and Optimal Design","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226078703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2024.3368130"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnet.2024.3368130","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2024.3368130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62238642","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"1063-6692","issn":["1063-6692","1558-2566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2204.02352","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089464465","display_name":"Jonatha Anselmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5541-5631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106785703","display_name":"Institut polytechnique de Grenoble","ror":"https://ror.org/05sbt2524","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101348","display_name":"Centre Inria de l'Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes","ror":"https://ror.org/00n8d6z93","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I4210101348"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104430","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble","ror":"https://ror.org/01c8rcg82","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I4210104430","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I899635006","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jonatha Anselmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNRS, Inria, Grenoble INP, LIG, Universit&#x00E9; Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France","POLARIS - Performance analysis and optimization of LARge Infrastructures and Systems (Laboratoire LIG - B\u00e2timent IMAG - 700 avenue Centrale, CS 40700 - 38058 Grenoble cedex 9 - France)","Inria Grenoble - Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes (Inovall\u00e9e\r\n655 avenue de l'Europe\r\n38330 Montbonnot - France)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNRS, Inria, Grenoble INP, LIG, Universit&#x00E9; Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101348","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210104430","https://openalex.org/I106785703"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"POLARIS - Performance analysis and optimization of LARge Infrastructures and Systems (Laboratoire LIG - B\u00e2timent IMAG - 700 avenue Centrale, CS 40700 - 38058 Grenoble cedex 9 - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104430"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inria Grenoble - Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes (Inovall\u00e9e\r\n655 avenue de l'Europe\r\n38330 Montbonnot - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101348"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089464465"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210101348","https://openalex.org/I4210104430"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.123,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88349355,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"4","first_page":"2960","last_page":"2971"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10974","display_name":"Advanced Queuing Theory Analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10974","display_name":"Advanced Queuing Theory Analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10551","display_name":"Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.7435322999954224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.6575665473937988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limit","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","score":0.5811111330986023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5657704472541809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling-limit","display_name":"Scaling limit","score":0.4747886061668396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4521805942058563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.32146748900413513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2838418781757355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1874215304851532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.12922555208206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11245456337928772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.08828148245811462}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.7435322999954224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.6575665473937988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5811111330986023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5657704472541809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24084028","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7429781","display_name":"Scaling limit","level":3,"score":0.4747886061668396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4521805942058563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.32146748900413513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2838418781757355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1874215304851532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.12922555208206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11245456337928772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.08828148245811462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnet.2024.3368130","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2024.3368130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62238642","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"1063-6692","issn":["1063-6692","1558-2566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2204.02352","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2204.02352","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2204.02352","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04467913v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04467913","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04467913v1/file/2204.02352.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922454","display_name":"SPIRE - Sciences Po Institutional REpository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 2024, pp.1-12. &#x27E8;10.1109/TNET.2024.3368130&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Journal articles"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2204.02352","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2204.02352","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2204.02352","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7498473","https://openalex.org/W1666061104","https://openalex.org/W1973403707","https://openalex.org/W1978251712","https://openalex.org/W1982063824","https://openalex.org/W1998145795","https://openalex.org/W2007096804","https://openalex.org/W2018096052","https://openalex.org/W2034039215","https://openalex.org/W2117702591","https://openalex.org/W2134659242","https://openalex.org/W2157700413","https://openalex.org/W2412410849","https://openalex.org/W2525833315","https://openalex.org/W2760396528","https://openalex.org/W2788690370","https://openalex.org/W2792569825","https://openalex.org/W2793395347","https://openalex.org/W2795187574","https://openalex.org/W2808103092","https://openalex.org/W2947072615","https://openalex.org/W2980494667","https://openalex.org/W2981326253","https://openalex.org/W2997599485","https://openalex.org/W3094045251","https://openalex.org/W3099545209","https://openalex.org/W3104622998","https://openalex.org/W3111060991","https://openalex.org/W4232846065","https://openalex.org/W4254908906","https://openalex.org/W4390730576","https://openalex.org/W6753751555","https://openalex.org/W6775201933","https://openalex.org/W6777298027"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3100245096","https://openalex.org/W2519545954","https://openalex.org/W2056843536","https://openalex.org/W1995826969","https://openalex.org/W3217323610","https://openalex.org/W1990001655","https://openalex.org/W2083192414","https://openalex.org/W3102781811","https://openalex.org/W1979444024","https://openalex.org/W3105329589"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"develop":[1],"a":[2,146,157,178,243],"Markovian":[3],"framework":[4,49],"for":[5],"load":[6,40,114],"balancing":[7,115],"that":[8,24,63,136,248,256],"combines":[9],"classical":[10],"algorithms":[11],"such":[12,55,89],"as":[13,45,56,121],"Power-of-":[14],"<inline-formula":[15],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[16],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[17],"<tex-math":[18],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$d$</tex-math>":[19],"</inline-formula>":[20],"with":[21],"auto-scaling":[22,112,266],"mechanisms":[23],"allow":[25],"the":[26,38,42,76,79,103,111,127,134,161,182,186,196,199,208,219,227,231,271],"net":[27,221],"service":[28,210],"capacity":[29,222],"to":[30,37,71,87,92,126,142,167,171,203,207,216],"scale":[31,217],"up":[32,218],"or":[33],"down":[34],"in":[35,68,122,195,205],"response":[36],"current":[39,220],"on":[41,160],"same":[43,272],"timescale":[44],"job":[46],"dynamics.":[47],"Our":[48],"is":[50,85,149],"inspired":[51],"by":[52,75,191],"serverless":[53,80],"platforms,":[54],"Knative,":[57],"where":[58,180,198],"servers":[59,193,235],"are":[60],"software":[61],"functions":[62],"can":[64],"be":[65],"flexibly":[66],"instantiated":[67],"milliseconds":[69],"according":[70],"scaling":[72,90,164,246],"rules":[73,91,165,247,258],"defined":[74],"users":[77],"of":[78,163,245],"platform.":[81],"The":[82,212],"main":[83,153],"question":[84],"how":[86],"design":[88],"minimize":[93],"user-perceived":[94,183],"delay":[95,172,184,261],"performance":[96,262],"while":[97,268],"ensuring":[98],"low":[99],"energy":[100,175,188],"consumption.":[101,274],"For":[102],"first":[104],"time,":[105],"we":[106,155,241],"investigate":[107],"this":[108],"problem":[109],"when":[110],"and":[113,173,185,224,238],"processes":[116],"operate":[117],"asynchronously":[118],"(or":[119,129],"proactively),":[120],"Knative.":[123],"In":[124,151],"contrast":[125],"synchronous":[128,265],"reactive)":[130],"paradigm,":[131],"asynchronism":[132],"brings":[133],"advantage":[135],"jobs":[137],"do":[138],"not":[139],"necessarily":[140],"need":[141],"wait":[143],"any":[144],"time":[145],"scale-up":[147],"decision":[148],"taken.":[150],"our":[152,250],"result,":[154],"find":[156],"general":[158],"condition":[159,214],"structure":[162],"able":[166],"drive":[168],"mean-field":[169],"dynamics":[170],"relative":[174,187],"optimality,":[176],"i.e.,":[177],"situation":[179],"both":[181],"waste":[189],"induced":[190],"idle":[192,237],"vanish":[194],"limit":[197],"network":[200],"demand":[201,229],"grows":[202],"infinity":[204],"proportion":[206],"nominal":[209],"capacity.":[211],"identified":[213],"suggests":[215],"if":[223,226],"only":[225],"mean":[228],"exceeds":[230],"rate":[232],"at":[233],"which":[234],"become":[236],"active.":[239],"Finally,":[240],"propose":[242],"family":[244],"satisfy":[249],"optimality":[251],"condition.":[252],"Numerical":[253],"simulations":[254],"demonstrate":[255],"these":[257],"provide":[259],"better":[260],"than":[263],"existing":[264],"schemes":[267],"inducing":[269],"almost":[270],"power":[273]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}