{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4379740296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2023.3281449","title":"Toward Scalable and Low-Cost Traffic Testing for Evaluating DDoS Defense Solutions","display_name":"Toward Scalable and Low-Cost Traffic Testing for Evaluating DDoS Defense Solutions","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4379740296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2023.3281449"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnet.2023.3281449","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2023.3281449","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62238642","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"1063-6692","issn":["1063-6692","1558-2566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011791240","display_name":"Xiang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0249-9664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040307358","display_name":"Hongyan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7753-0294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084512633","display_name":"Qun Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2387-6131"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qun Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101708792","display_name":"Dong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6379-0244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Big Data, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Big Data, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101602014","display_name":"Haifeng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8008-2805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haifeng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078198240","display_name":"Chunming Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7958-9687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunming Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100362330","display_name":"Xuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7966-4488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78978612","display_name":"Yangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tqb8s11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering (College of Artificial Intelligence), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering (College of Artificial Intelligence), Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011791240"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7955,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72670506,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"1","first_page":"191","last_page":"206"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.6603987216949463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5527459979057312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5420407652854919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.44373202323913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trinoo","display_name":"Trinoo","score":0.4209996163845062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-layer-ddos-attack","display_name":"Application layer DDoS attack","score":0.35951173305511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1326705813407898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.05266872048377991}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.6603987216949463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5527459979057312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5420407652854919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.44373202323913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43639116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7843050","display_name":"Trinoo","level":5,"score":0.4209996163845062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120865594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Application layer DDoS attack","level":4,"score":0.35951173305511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1326705813407898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.05266872048377991}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnet.2023.3281449","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2023.3281449","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62238642","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"1063-6692","issn":["1063-6692","1558-2566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1946999620","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U20A20179","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3965180685","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61902362","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5247297094","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB2901305","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8439060332","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484602731","https://openalex.org/W1738135513","https://openalex.org/W1979866793","https://openalex.org/W1994926493","https://openalex.org/W2002122955","https://openalex.org/W2066660519","https://openalex.org/W2080234606","https://openalex.org/W2126540423","https://openalex.org/W2130583399","https://openalex.org/W2136262545","https://openalex.org/W2139592393","https://openalex.org/W2146012756","https://openalex.org/W2149225459","https://openalex.org/W2156842992","https://openalex.org/W2170810185","https://openalex.org/W2256352919","https://openalex.org/W2283556750","https://openalex.org/W2487095677","https://openalex.org/W2566979091","https://openalex.org/W2605823630","https://openalex.org/W2761635340","https://openalex.org/W2794568842","https://openalex.org/W2834288129","https://openalex.org/W2864823780","https://openalex.org/W2878215196","https://openalex.org/W2902983161","https://openalex.org/W2919413299","https://openalex.org/W2992877761","https://openalex.org/W3008207353","https://openalex.org/W3046351827","https://openalex.org/W3046644368","https://openalex.org/W3046744974","https://openalex.org/W4206517246","https://openalex.org/W4249843299","https://openalex.org/W4253731216","https://openalex.org/W6603262759","https://openalex.org/W6628906117","https://openalex.org/W6731596640","https://openalex.org/W6732959492","https://openalex.org/W6760433629","https://openalex.org/W6792845222","https://openalex.org/W6794616554","https://openalex.org/W6794627463","https://openalex.org/W6795076093"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2783466926","https://openalex.org/W4286539397","https://openalex.org/W1968168724","https://openalex.org/W2204131204","https://openalex.org/W2754163055","https://openalex.org/W4322008378","https://openalex.org/W2383770723","https://openalex.org/W2185673024","https://openalex.org/W4377970398","https://openalex.org/W3026018975"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"date,":[1],"security":[2],"researchers":[3,78],"evaluate":[4],"their":[5],"solutions":[6],"of":[7,88,117,131],"mitigating":[8],"distributed":[9],"denial-of-service":[10],"(DDoS)":[11],"attacks":[12],"via":[13],"kernel-based":[14,20],"or":[15],"kernel-bypassing":[16,30],"testing":[17,43,62,81,104],"tools.":[18,176],"However,":[19],"tools":[21,31],"exhibit":[22],"poor":[23],"scalability":[24,66,170],"in":[25,86,119],"attack":[26,109,132],"traffic":[27,110,133],"generation":[28],"while":[29,122],"incur":[32],"unacceptable":[33],"monetary":[34],"cost.":[35,69],"We":[36,136],"propose":[37],"Excalibur,":[38],"a":[39,95,98,114,141,154],"scalable":[40],"and":[41,67,97,171],"low-cost":[42],"framework":[44],"for":[45],"evaluating":[46],"DDoS":[47],"defense":[48],"solutions.":[49],"The":[50],"key":[51],"idea":[52],"is":[53],"to":[54,60,75,79,101,126,134],"leverage":[55],"the":[56,120,124,128],"emerging":[57],"programmable":[58,99],"switch":[59,89,100,125,163],"empower":[61],"tasks":[63,82],"with":[64],"Tbps-level":[65],"low":[68],"Specifically,":[70],"Excalibur":[71,92,139,166],"offers":[72],"intent-based":[73],"primitives":[74],"enable":[76],"academic":[77],"customize":[80],"on":[83,140,153],"demand.":[84],"Moreover,":[85],"view":[87],"resource":[90],"limitations,":[91],"coordinates":[93],"both":[94],"server":[96,121],"jointly":[102],"perform":[103],"tasks.":[105],"It":[106],"realizes":[107],"flexible":[108],"generation,":[111],"which":[112],"requires":[113],"large":[115],"number":[116],"resources,":[118],"using":[123],"increase":[127],"sending":[129],"rate":[130],"Tbps-level.":[135],"have":[137],"implemented":[138],"<inline-formula":[142,155],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[143,156],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[144,157],"<tex-math":[145,158],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$64\\times":[146,159],"100$":[147,160],"</tex-math></inline-formula>Gbps":[148,161],"Tofino":[149,162],"switch.":[150],"Our":[151],"experiments":[152],"show":[164],"that":[165],"achieves":[167],"orders-of-magnitude":[168],"higher":[169],"lower":[172],"cost":[173],"than":[174],"existing":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
