{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293197985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2022.3184751","title":"A Sparse Protocol Parsing Method for IIoT Based on BPSO-vote-HMM Hybrid Model","display_name":"A Sparse Protocol Parsing Method for IIoT Based on BPSO-vote-HMM Hybrid Model","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293197985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2022.3184751"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnet.2022.3184751","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2022.3184751","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62238642","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"1063-6692","issn":["1063-6692","1558-2566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/An_Sparse_Protocol_Parsing_Method_for_IIoT_Based_on_BPSO-vote-HMM_Hybrid_Model/21561963","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009109404","display_name":"Yunhua He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3258-7160"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1456306","display_name":"North China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01nky7652","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1456306"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yunhua He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1456306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015460947","display_name":"Yueting Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3026-283X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1456306","display_name":"North China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01nky7652","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1456306"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yueting Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1456306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100606176","display_name":"Cui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6432-1984"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1456306","display_name":"North China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01nky7652","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1456306"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1456306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102719148","display_name":"Jialong Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-7860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1456306","display_name":"North China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01nky7652","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1456306"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jialong Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1456306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014818716","display_name":"Ke Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8654-1339"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1456306","display_name":"North China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01nky7652","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1456306"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1456306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017825429","display_name":"Keshav Sood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2127-1438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keshav Sood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Cyber Security Research and Innovation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Cyber Security Research and Innovation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101820083","display_name":"Limin Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6578-0680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Limin Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009109404"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1456306"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4282,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63547273,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"2","first_page":"485","last_page":"496"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8723692893981934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.6382008790969849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5020182132720947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4916594624519348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.4851558804512024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.430253267288208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4129030108451843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.335041880607605}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8723692893981934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.6382008790969849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5020182132720947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4916594624519348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.4851558804512024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.430253267288208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4129030108451843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.335041880607605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnet.2022.3184751","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2022.3184751","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62238642","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"1063-6692","issn":["1063-6692","1558-2566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/21561963","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/An_Sparse_Protocol_Parsing_Method_for_IIoT_Based_on_BPSO-vote-HMM_Hybrid_Model/21561963","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/21561963","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/An_Sparse_Protocol_Parsing_Method_for_IIoT_Based_on_BPSO-vote-HMM_Hybrid_Model/21561963","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3437950094","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB1800302","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3590247412","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"M21029","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334977","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334977","display_name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2030344070","https://openalex.org/W2046640879","https://openalex.org/W2049867480","https://openalex.org/W2125213524","https://openalex.org/W2129208788","https://openalex.org/W2152195021","https://openalex.org/W2315045914","https://openalex.org/W2534147063","https://openalex.org/W2539922169","https://openalex.org/W2765092807","https://openalex.org/W2791813263","https://openalex.org/W2796215551","https://openalex.org/W2835219008","https://openalex.org/W2870149203","https://openalex.org/W2889322176","https://openalex.org/W2903489318","https://openalex.org/W2935380409","https://openalex.org/W2950911860","https://openalex.org/W2965969281","https://openalex.org/W2982512556","https://openalex.org/W2997669179","https://openalex.org/W3004629926","https://openalex.org/W3035601152","https://openalex.org/W3045605870","https://openalex.org/W3087102429","https://openalex.org/W3107420277","https://openalex.org/W3133519160","https://openalex.org/W3217122106","https://openalex.org/W4220837647","https://openalex.org/W6629319858","https://openalex.org/W6632460521"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3019402777","https://openalex.org/W4386596916","https://openalex.org/W3212544526","https://openalex.org/W2031835531","https://openalex.org/W2388590088","https://openalex.org/W1969166468","https://openalex.org/W2022727000","https://openalex.org/W2116377213","https://openalex.org/W2122371747","https://openalex.org/W2069224524"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,4,28,39,44,50,54,60,66,73,77,83,92,109,123,130,138,142,151,157,166,173,179,186,201,207,223,237],"development":[2],"of":[3,7,21,30,43,57,104,132,141,189,234],"Industrial":[5],"Internet":[6],"Things,":[8],"industrial":[9],"control":[10],"systems":[11],"have":[12],"become":[13],"more":[14],"open":[15],"and":[16,33,41,48,76,137,159,177,206],"intelligent.":[17],"However,":[18],"large":[19],"numbers":[20],"unknown":[22],"protocols":[23],"exist":[24],"in":[25,135,194,226],"IIoT,":[26],"threatening":[27],"security":[29],"IIoT":[31,74,93,105,125,136,247],"devices":[32,75],"systems.":[34],"Protocol":[35],"reverse":[36],"engineering":[37],"extracts":[38],"grammar":[40],"semantics":[42],"protocol":[45,63,85,101,106,126,195,208,239],"by":[46,164,199],"monitoring":[47],"analyzing":[49,86],"traffic":[51,79],"trace":[52],"or":[53],"execution":[55],"process":[56],"instructions,":[58],"without":[59],"need":[61],"for":[62,91],"description.":[64],"As":[65],"executable":[67],"programs":[68],"are":[69],"mainly":[70],"integrated":[71],"into":[72,169,181],"communication":[78],"is":[80,88,119,192,219],"relatively":[81],"sparse,":[82],"traditional":[84],"method":[87,103],"not":[89],"suitable":[90],"environment.":[94],"This":[95],"paper":[96],"proposes":[97],"an":[98],"improved":[99,238],"sparse":[100,133],"parsing":[102,210,241],"based":[107,212],"on":[108,150,213,246],"BPSO-vote-HMM":[110],"hybrid":[111,216],"model.":[112,146],"The":[113],"binary":[114],"particle":[115],"swarm":[116],"optimization":[117],"algorithm":[118],"introduced":[120],"to":[121,155,184,221],"expand":[122],"captured":[124],"message":[127],"sequence,":[128],"solving":[129],"problems":[131],"samples":[134],"low":[139],"efficiency":[140,158],"GA-based":[143],"data":[144,203],"expansion":[145,204],"Besides,":[147],"we":[148],"improve":[149,156,222],"parameter":[152,174,188],"training":[153,167],"part":[154],"get":[160],"better":[161,244],"model":[162,205,211,218,242],"parameters":[163],"dividing":[165],"set":[168],"several":[170],"sub-sets,":[171],"conducting":[172],"update":[175],"parallel,":[176],"inputting":[178],"results":[180],"a":[182,215,227,232],"voter":[183],"generate":[185],"final":[187],"HMM,":[190],"which":[191],"used":[193],"field":[196,209,240],"prediction.":[197],"Finally,":[198],"combining":[200],"BPSO-based":[202],"vote-HMM,":[214],"analytical":[217,224],"constructed":[220],"accuracy":[225],"gradual":[228],"evolutionary":[229],"manner.":[230],"Through":[231],"series":[233],"comparative":[235],"experiments,":[236],"has":[243],"performance":[245],"protocol.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}