{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3027437059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2021.3084303","title":"Building a Sybil-Resilient Digital Community Utilizing Trust-Graph Connectivity","display_name":"Building a Sybil-Resilient Digital Community Utilizing Trust-Graph Connectivity","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3027437059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2021.3084303","mag":"3027437059"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnet.2021.3084303","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2021.3084303","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/90/9570755/09446607.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62238642","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"1063-6692","issn":["1063-6692","1558-2566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/90/9570755/09446607.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007571507","display_name":"Ouri Poupko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2000-7798"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53964585","display_name":"Weizmann Institute of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0316ej306","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ouri Poupko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel","Weizmann institute of science;"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2000-7798","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Weizmann institute of science;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033835417","display_name":"Gal Shahaf","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53964585","display_name":"Weizmann Institute of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0316ej306","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gal Shahaf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel","Weizmann institute of science;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Weizmann institute of science;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053718371","display_name":"Ehud Shapiro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8266-3125"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53964585","display_name":"Weizmann Institute of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0316ej306","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ehud Shapiro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel","Weizmann institute of science;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Weizmann institute of science;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064260879","display_name":"Nimrod Talmon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7916-0979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124227911","display_name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","ror":"https://ror.org/05tkyf982","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nimrod Talmon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ben-Gurion University, Beersheba, Israel","Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7916-0979","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ben-Gurion University, Beersheba, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01491413,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"5","first_page":"2215","last_page":"2227"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10742","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distrust","display_name":"Distrust","score":0.5513848066329956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5475621223449707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5016984939575195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.4624175727367401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-community","display_name":"Online community","score":0.4535287022590637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-graph","display_name":"Social graph","score":0.44832462072372437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reputation","display_name":"Reputation","score":0.4306367039680481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4289665222167969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-and-economics","display_name":"Law and economics","score":0.3733823597431183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.35398632287979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.34046679735183716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.30331164598464966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.2858755588531494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.25303709506988525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.24903446435928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.17854931950569153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778321746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621922","display_name":"Distrust","level":2,"score":0.5513848066329956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5475621223449707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5016984939575195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4624175727367401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778165684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6576792","display_name":"Online community","level":2,"score":0.4535287022590637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777522414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q648457","display_name":"Social graph","level":3,"score":0.44832462072372437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48798503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877546","display_name":"Reputation","level":2,"score":0.4306367039680481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4289665222167969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3733823597431183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.35398632287979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.34046679735183716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.30331164598464966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2858755588531494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.25303709506988525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.24903446435928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.17854931950569153}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnet.2021.3084303","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2021.3084303","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/90/9570755/09446607.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62238642","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"1063-6692","issn":["1063-6692","1558-2566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1901.00752","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1901.00752","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1901.00752","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3027437059","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.00752","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1901.00752","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1901.00752","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnet.2021.3084303","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2021.3084303","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/90/9570755/09446607.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62238642","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"1063-6692","issn":["1063-6692","1558-2566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8831533302","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"630/19","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322252","funder_display_name":"Israel Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322252","display_name":"Israel Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04sazxf24"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3027437059.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3027437059.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19838944","https://openalex.org/W91828656","https://openalex.org/W100944330","https://openalex.org/W1520914943","https://openalex.org/W1551760018","https://openalex.org/W1578099820","https://openalex.org/W1587819022","https://openalex.org/W1607251184","https://openalex.org/W1968864043","https://openalex.org/W1989643196","https://openalex.org/W1993418693","https://openalex.org/W2018047324","https://openalex.org/W2022704179","https://openalex.org/W2075529230","https://openalex.org/W2099399367","https://openalex.org/W2101890615","https://openalex.org/W2110801527","https://openalex.org/W2118765159","https://openalex.org/W2120167892","https://openalex.org/W2150941206","https://openalex.org/W2152760593","https://openalex.org/W2153305401","https://openalex.org/W2155461593","https://openalex.org/W2165491783","https://openalex.org/W2168508162","https://openalex.org/W2795644887","https://openalex.org/W2911933074","https://openalex.org/W2952892137","https://openalex.org/W2964895677","https://openalex.org/W2971990231","https://openalex.org/W3006531599","https://openalex.org/W3103740276","https://openalex.org/W3137092842","https://openalex.org/W6603686790","https://openalex.org/W6604134081","https://openalex.org/W6630973029","https://openalex.org/W6647621443","https://openalex.org/W6655018717","https://openalex.org/W6675048775","https://openalex.org/W6678109883","https://openalex.org/W6756119520","https://openalex.org/W6774788515","https://openalex.org/W6811836054"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3173021341","https://openalex.org/W2911933074","https://openalex.org/W3095623203","https://openalex.org/W2101768697","https://openalex.org/W2341206691","https://openalex.org/W2336425908","https://openalex.org/W2971990231","https://openalex.org/W2289864742","https://openalex.org/W1579892909","https://openalex.org/W2165128731","https://openalex.org/W2253818477","https://openalex.org/W2139834470","https://openalex.org/W2129249033","https://openalex.org/W2954918751","https://openalex.org/W2134088248","https://openalex.org/W2607861964","https://openalex.org/W2922006853","https://openalex.org/W2358845093","https://openalex.org/W1949923616","https://openalex.org/W1529419110"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Preventing":[0],"fake":[1],"or":[2,32,43,254],"duplicate":[3],"digital":[4,14,82,90,107,134],"identities":[5,77,184],"(aka":[6],"<italic":[7,93,119,210,226],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[8,94,120,211,227],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">sybils</i>":[9],")":[10],"from":[11],"joining":[12],"a":[13,26,53,66,103,133,237,264],"community":[15,67,83,91,259,265],"may":[16,98,266],"be":[17],"crucial":[18],"to":[19,64,68,80,105,117,128,141,159,164],"its":[20,30,73,244],"survival,":[21],"especially":[22],"if":[23],"it":[24,201],"utilizes":[25],"consensus":[27,217],"protocol":[28],"among":[29,61],"members":[31],"employs":[33],"democratic":[34],"governance,":[35],"where":[36],"sybils":[37],"can":[38],"undermine":[39],"consensus,":[40],"tilt":[41],"decisions,":[42],"even":[44],"take":[45],"over.":[46],"Here,":[47],"we":[48],"explore":[49],"the":[50,81,106,124,152,175,186,193,204,252,258],"use":[51,205],"of":[52,55,195,206,257],"trust-graph":[54],"identities,":[56,96],"with":[57],"edges":[58],"representing":[59],"trust":[60,87,99,238,260],"identity":[62],"owners,":[63],"allow":[65,203],"grow":[69,267],"indefinitely":[70],"without":[71],"increasing":[72],"sybil":[74],"penetration.":[75],"Since":[76],"are":[78,114,157,179],"admitted":[79],"based":[84],"on":[85,174],"their":[86,111,130],"by":[88],"existing":[89],"members,":[92],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">corrupt</i>":[95],"which":[97,149,172],"sybils,":[100],"also":[101],"pose":[102],"threat":[104],"community.":[108,135,187],"Sybils":[109],"and":[110,123,162,240,247],"corrupt":[112,160,183],"perpetrators":[113],"together":[115],"referred":[116],"as":[118,200,218,220],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">byzantines</i>":[121],",":[122,214,230],"overarching":[125],"aim":[126],"is":[127,146,169,191],"limit":[129],"penetration":[131],"into":[132],"We":[136],"propose":[137],"two":[138],"alternative":[139],"tools":[140],"achieve":[142],"this":[143],"goal.":[144],"One":[145],"graph":[147,239,261],"conductance,":[148],"works":[150],"under":[151,243],"assumption":[153,176],"that":[154,177],"honest":[155],"people":[156],"averse":[158],"ones":[161],"tend":[163],"distrust":[165],"them.":[166],"The":[167],"second":[168],"vertex":[170,255],"expansion,":[171],"relies":[173],"there":[178],"not":[180],"too":[181],"many":[182],"in":[185],"Of":[188],"particular":[189],"interest":[190],"keeping":[192,251],"fraction":[194],"byzantines":[196],"below":[197],"one":[198],"third,":[199],"would":[202],"Byzantine":[207],"Agreement":[208],"(Lamport":[209],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">et":[212,228],"al.</i>":[213,229],"1982)":[215],"for":[216,221],"well":[219],"sybil-resilient":[222],"social":[223],"choice":[224],"(Shahaf":[225],"2019).":[231],"This":[232],"paper":[233],"considers":[234],"incrementally":[235],"growing":[236],"shows":[241],"that,":[242],"key":[245],"assumptions":[246],"additional":[248],"requirements,":[249],"including":[250],"conductance":[253],"expansion":[256],"sufficiently":[262],"high,":[263],"safely,":[268],"indefinitely.":[269]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}