{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3158962467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2021.3073160","title":"Enabling Practical Large-Scale MIMO in WLANs With Hybrid Beamforming","display_name":"Enabling Practical Large-Scale MIMO in WLANs With Hybrid Beamforming","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3158962467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2021.3073160","mag":"3158962467"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnet.2021.3073160","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2021.3073160","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62238642","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"1063-6692","issn":["1063-6692","1558-2566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100656819","display_name":"Zhe Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3215-2696"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100437204","display_name":"Xu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1409-8067"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082647883","display_name":"Sulei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0623-6378"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sulei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063792608","display_name":"Yuedong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4168-3998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuedong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100631082","display_name":"Jie Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5396-4554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177605424","display_name":"Amherst College","ror":"https://ror.org/028vqfs63","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177605424"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Computer Science, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Computer Science, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177605424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061028507","display_name":"Xin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8969-1415"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Informatization Office, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatization Office, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100656819"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2133,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78402263,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"4","first_page":"1605","last_page":"1619"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7201964855194092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7110854387283325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.6389639377593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6061556339263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5632944107055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5513654351234436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.5394296646118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5252230167388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5146828293800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-user-mimo","display_name":"Multi-user MIMO","score":0.48260557651519775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-defined-radio","display_name":"Software-defined radio","score":0.4692007899284363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.45738571882247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4566158652305603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.45122188329696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.44468557834625244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.41874635219573975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.41513964533805847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.38485029339790344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2896486818790436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.26249778270721436}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7201964855194092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7110854387283325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.6389639377593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6061556339263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5632944107055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5513654351234436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.5394296646118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5252230167388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5146828293800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91330434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q738298","display_name":"Multi-user MIMO","level":4,"score":0.48260557651519775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171115542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331892","display_name":"Software-defined radio","level":2,"score":0.4692007899284363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.45738571882247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4566158652305603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.45122188329696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.44468557834625244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.41874635219573975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.41513964533805847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.38485029339790344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2896486818790436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.26249778270721436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnet.2021.3073160","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2021.3073160","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62238642","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"1063-6692","issn":["1063-6692","1558-2566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4880136646","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61772139","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8000176244","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61971145","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1585879837","https://openalex.org/W1680189815","https://openalex.org/W1956027752","https://openalex.org/W1967330816","https://openalex.org/W1972743861","https://openalex.org/W1975393436","https://openalex.org/W1977917536","https://openalex.org/W1983301216","https://openalex.org/W1994738996","https://openalex.org/W2013503669","https://openalex.org/W2017146017","https://openalex.org/W2026690506","https://openalex.org/W2028077152","https://openalex.org/W2034042141","https://openalex.org/W2038440989","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2058271228","https://openalex.org/W2066865428","https://openalex.org/W2077077908","https://openalex.org/W2106226426","https://openalex.org/W2113638573","https://openalex.org/W2116130765","https://openalex.org/W2123258612","https://openalex.org/W2130369179","https://openalex.org/W2135647798","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2145614561","https://openalex.org/W2147601077","https://openalex.org/W2155678104","https://openalex.org/W2166486216","https://openalex.org/W2167956149","https://openalex.org/W2171342189","https://openalex.org/W2171375393","https://openalex.org/W2224377240","https://openalex.org/W2346625715","https://openalex.org/W2516649519","https://openalex.org/W2526438431","https://openalex.org/W2600952662","https://openalex.org/W2602023803","https://openalex.org/W2623526230","https://openalex.org/W2757107770","https://openalex.org/W2761660593","https://openalex.org/W2770376512","https://openalex.org/W2794254529","https://openalex.org/W3099908750","https://openalex.org/W3137575330","https://openalex.org/W6635170509"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2088352174","https://openalex.org/W4313028534","https://openalex.org/W4286695888","https://openalex.org/W3084132786","https://openalex.org/W4327661444","https://openalex.org/W2161061958","https://openalex.org/W2034991012","https://openalex.org/W2761879201","https://openalex.org/W2556017705","https://openalex.org/W2059045613"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"theory,":[1],"the":[2,11,19,29,38,45,49,63,83,91,144,192,197,220,251],"capacity":[3],"of":[4,13,40,58,85,93,137,161,194],"a":[5,55,97,108,129,159,166,175,186,228],"wireless":[6,64],"network":[7,30],"grows":[8],"linearly":[9],"with":[10,118],"number":[12,57,193],"users":[14,145],"and":[15,22,79,140,151,173,211,232,256],"antennas":[16,123,199],"equipped":[17],"at":[18],"communication":[20],"devices,":[21],"hence":[23],"large-scale":[24,51,109],"MU-MIMO":[25,52,110],"can":[26],"scale":[27],"up":[28],"throughput.":[31],"However,":[32],"three":[33],"main":[34],"challenges":[35],"are":[36,68],"impeding":[37],"implementation":[39],"this":[41],"promising":[42],"technology":[43,53],"in":[44,124,170,236],"state-of-the-art":[46],"WLANs.":[47,126],"Firstly,":[48],"current":[50],"demands":[54],"large":[56,98],"high-priced":[59],"RF":[60,138,188,213],"chains.":[61],"Secondly,":[62],"access":[65],"points":[66],"(APs)":[67],"overwhelmed":[69],"by":[70,254,261],"channel":[71,149],"state":[72],"information":[73],"(CSI)":[74],"feedback":[75],"for":[76,121,247],"nulling":[77],"multi-user":[78],"-antenna":[80],"interference.":[81],"Thirdly,":[82],"lack":[84],"scalable":[86,114],"user":[87,99,116,162],"selection":[88,117],"scheme":[89,169],"limits":[90],"capability":[92],"APs":[94],"to":[95,143,146,203,217],"serve":[96],"population.":[100],"To":[101],"address":[102],"these":[103],"problems,":[104],"we":[105],"design":[106,128],"BUSH,":[107],"prototype":[111],"that":[112,133,246],"performs":[113],"beam":[115,142],"hybrid":[119],"beamforming":[120,202,216],"phased-array":[122,198],"legacy":[125,252],"We":[127,224],"low":[130],"complexity":[131],"algorithm":[132,184],"assigns":[134],"each":[135,207],"pair":[136],"chain":[139],"analog":[141,201],"effectively":[147],"reduce":[148],"correlation":[150],"cross-talk":[152],"interference":[153,221],"without":[154],"instantaneous":[155],"CSI":[156],"feedbacks.":[157],"As":[158],"prerequisite":[160],"selection,":[163],"BUSH":[164,226,249],"presents":[165],"low-overhead":[167],"probing":[168],"multi-carrier":[171],"WLANs":[172],"designs":[174],"highly":[176],"accurate":[177],"blind":[178],"Power":[179],"Azimuth":[180],"Spectrum":[181],"(PAS)":[182],"estimation":[183],"using":[185],"single":[187],"chain.":[189],"For":[190],"reducing":[191],"RF-chains":[195],"used,":[196],"use":[200,215],"steer":[204],"beams":[205],"toward":[206],"selected":[208],"downlink":[209],"user,":[210],"multiple":[212],"chains":[214],"further":[218],"mitigate":[219],"among":[222],"users.":[223],"implement":[225],"on":[227,263],"software-defined":[229],"radio":[230],"platform":[231],"evaluate":[233],"its":[234],"performance":[235],"more":[237],"than":[238],"30":[239],"indoor":[240],"scenarios.":[241],"The":[242],"experimental":[243],"results":[244],"reveal":[245],"throughput,":[248],"outperforms":[250],"802.11ac":[253],"2.08\u00d7,":[255],"an":[257],"alternative":[258],"benchmark":[259],"system":[260],"1.22\u00d7":[262],"average.":[264]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T08:34:05.389933","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
