{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3156584142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2021.3071488","title":"How Do You Earn Money on Live Streaming Platforms?\u2014A Study of Donation-Based Markets","display_name":"How Do You Earn Money on Live Streaming Platforms?\u2014A Study of Donation-Based Markets","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3156584142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2021.3071488","mag":"3156584142"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnet.2021.3071488","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2021.3071488","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62238642","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"1063-6692","issn":["1063-6692","1558-2566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101643175","display_name":"Ming Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4732-5155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4732-5155","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062346297","display_name":"Jianwei Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6631-1096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104064","display_name":"Shenzhen Academy of Robotics","ror":"https://ror.org/01h027j09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104064"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianwei Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China","Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6631-1096","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104064"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0963,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8061136,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"4","first_page":"1813","last_page":"1826"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11161","display_name":"Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11161","display_name":"Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11437","display_name":"Digital Platforms and Economics","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-game","display_name":"Stochastic game","score":0.7527720928192139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/donation","display_name":"Donation","score":0.7268186807632446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5792667865753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fraction","display_name":"Fraction (chemistry)","score":0.5691907405853271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.4932071566581726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.4400525689125061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.43256962299346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.40415051579475403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.31735169887542725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.22329172492027283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1408492624759674}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22171661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074380","display_name":"Stochastic game","level":2,"score":0.7527720928192139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775933685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124860","display_name":"Donation","level":2,"score":0.7268186807632446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5792667865753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149629883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660926","display_name":"Fraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5691907405853271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4932071566581726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.4400525689125061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.43256962299346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.40415051579475403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.31735169887542725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.22329172492027283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1408492624759674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnet.2021.3071488","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2021.3071488","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62238642","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"1063-6692","issn":["1063-6692","1558-2566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6800000071525574,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322942","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W207308276","https://openalex.org/W381492219","https://openalex.org/W1816305655","https://openalex.org/W1966267709","https://openalex.org/W2004207512","https://openalex.org/W2036454494","https://openalex.org/W2049152959","https://openalex.org/W2052419575","https://openalex.org/W2052864322","https://openalex.org/W2077551422","https://openalex.org/W2115483886","https://openalex.org/W2505131069","https://openalex.org/W2605182687","https://openalex.org/W2610098407","https://openalex.org/W2612920398","https://openalex.org/W2624574483","https://openalex.org/W2789030464","https://openalex.org/W2794283760","https://openalex.org/W2898916015","https://openalex.org/W2899186528","https://openalex.org/W2919810639","https://openalex.org/W2990357181","https://openalex.org/W3124297341","https://openalex.org/W3142525663","https://openalex.org/W4230231730","https://openalex.org/W4240491954","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6735906002","https://openalex.org/W6736807006","https://openalex.org/W6755509118"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4280633569","https://openalex.org/W3132716659","https://openalex.org/W3122328093","https://openalex.org/W3103231837","https://openalex.org/W4206036160","https://openalex.org/W1978505276","https://openalex.org/W1988022704","https://openalex.org/W1979439403","https://openalex.org/W2094607796","https://openalex.org/W3035394493"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Donation-based":[0],"markets":[1],"have":[2],"been":[3],"implemented":[4],"by":[5,86],"many":[6],"online":[7],"platforms,":[8],"such":[9],"as":[10,112,114],"live":[11],"streaming":[12],"platforms.":[13],"In":[14,71,89],"these":[15],"markets,":[16],"producers":[17,41,92],"provide":[18],"services":[19,27],"without":[20,239],"mandatory":[21],"charges,":[22],"and":[23,28,42,69,100,117,145,153,197,215,229],"customers":[24],"enjoy":[25],"the":[26,33,40,52,62,67,74,81,87,98,110,115,123,150,154,184,189,203,210,213,225,231,235,240],"voluntarily":[29],"donate":[30],"money":[31],"to":[32,60,95,104,141,162,173,177],"producers.":[34,70,88],"The":[35,166],"donation":[36,84],"is":[37,127,171],"split":[38],"between":[39,66,149,212],"platform":[43,68,75,99],"with":[44,131,209,224],"a":[45,57,77,128,132,137,146,221],"pre-agreed":[46],"fraction.":[47],"To":[48,180],"gain":[49,181],"insights":[50,182],"into":[51],"market":[53],"operation,":[54],"we":[55,192,219],"use":[56],"two-stage":[58],"game":[59,126,130],"capture":[61],"sequential":[63],"decision":[64],"process":[65],"Stage":[72,90,124,167],"I,":[73],"decides":[76],"donation-split-fraction":[78],"(DSF),":[79],"i.e.,":[80],"fraction":[82],"of":[83,233],"kept":[85],"II,":[91],"decide":[93],"whether":[94],"participate":[96],"in":[97],"(if":[101],"yes)":[102],"how":[103],"choose":[105],"their":[106],"service":[107],"attributes":[108],"considering":[109],"DSF":[111,139,186,238],"well":[113],"producers'":[116,151,214,241],"customers'":[118,155,216],"preferences.":[119,217,243],"We":[120,199],"prove":[121],"that":[122,187,202],"II":[125],"potential":[129],"counter-intuitive":[133],"equilibrium":[134],"result:":[135],"although":[136],"larger":[138],"leads":[140],"more":[142,163],"producer":[143],"participation":[144],"better":[147],"match":[148],"choices":[152],"preferences,":[156],"it":[157],"does":[158],"not":[159],"necessarily":[160],"lead":[161],"total":[164],"donation.":[165],"I":[168],"problem,":[169],"nevertheless,":[170],"challenging":[172],"solve":[174],"analytically":[175],"due":[176],"its":[178,195],"non-convexity.":[179],"regarding":[183],"optimal":[185,205,237],"maximizes":[188],"platform's":[190,204,236],"payoff,":[191],"characterize":[193],"both":[194],"upper-bound":[196],"lower-bound.":[198],"show":[200],"numerically":[201],"payoff":[206],"always":[207],"decreases":[208],"mismatch":[211],"Finally,":[218],"conduct":[220],"case":[222],"study":[223],"dataset":[226],"from":[227],"Twitch":[228],"demonstrate":[230],"approach":[232],"computing":[234],"inherent":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
