{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3011853658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2020.2973410","title":"Survive and Thrive: A Stochastic Game for DDoS Attacks in Bitcoin Mining Pools","display_name":"Survive and Thrive: A Stochastic Game for DDoS Attacks in Bitcoin Mining Pools","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3011853658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2020.2973410","mag":"3011853658"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnet.2020.2973410","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2020.2973410","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62238642","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"1063-6692","issn":["1063-6692","1558-2566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049847485","display_name":"Wu Shuangke","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuangke Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015275781","display_name":"Yanjiao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1382-0679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanjiao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1382-0679","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100400052","display_name":"Minghui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1735-2024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minghui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102018721","display_name":"Xiangyang Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6062-2950"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyang Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6062-2950","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100462347","display_name":"Zhe Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8578-2635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004823670","display_name":"Lan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8228-8199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40963666","display_name":"Central China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x1jna21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Laboratory for Educational Big Data, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Laboratory for Educational Big Data, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40963666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.5104,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97904413,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"2","first_page":"874","last_page":"887"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8026602268218994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.7111071348190308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-layer-ddos-attack","display_name":"Application layer DDoS attack","score":0.5197851061820984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5000181198120117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.41834068298339844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.16867098212242126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.14987963438034058}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8026602268218994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.7111071348190308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120865594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Application layer DDoS attack","level":4,"score":0.5197851061820984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5000181198120117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.41834068298339844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.16867098212242126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.14987963438034058}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnet.2020.2973410","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2020.2973410","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62238642","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"1063-6692","issn":["1063-6692","1558-2566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2838469879","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9690\u85cf\u4f20\u8f93\u673a\u5236\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61972296","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G546264426","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1636219","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6441736759","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u62cd\u5356\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u9891\u8c31\u5206\u914d\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u9690\u79c1\u4fdd\u62a4\u673a\u5236","funder_award_id":"61702380","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W13439346","https://openalex.org/W151187442","https://openalex.org/W205175404","https://openalex.org/W1480317510","https://openalex.org/W1513468570","https://openalex.org/W1519783625","https://openalex.org/W1521850300","https://openalex.org/W1542941925","https://openalex.org/W1548536111","https://openalex.org/W1581121707","https://openalex.org/W1626977535","https://openalex.org/W1783941367","https://openalex.org/W1820692873","https://openalex.org/W1851144268","https://openalex.org/W1970842215","https://openalex.org/W1990873282","https://openalex.org/W2053616263","https://openalex.org/W2060318973","https://openalex.org/W2078901375","https://openalex.org/W2098432798","https://openalex.org/W2103863878","https://openalex.org/W2120846115","https://openalex.org/W2129763443","https://openalex.org/W2145297839","https://openalex.org/W2153580489","https://openalex.org/W2263222003","https://openalex.org/W2273223219","https://openalex.org/W2291595385","https://openalex.org/W2465219533","https://openalex.org/W2511580607","https://openalex.org/W2517028219","https://openalex.org/W2522448907","https://openalex.org/W2596916221","https://openalex.org/W2616147445","https://openalex.org/W2624307925","https://openalex.org/W2747137565","https://openalex.org/W2751130135","https://openalex.org/W2811144856","https://openalex.org/W2886706106","https://openalex.org/W2952319794","https://openalex.org/W2971544778","https://openalex.org/W2977115923","https://openalex.org/W2996643420","https://openalex.org/W3105327943","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W4248844916","https://openalex.org/W4289799450","https://openalex.org/W6608425296","https://openalex.org/W6630520071","https://openalex.org/W6631168379","https://openalex.org/W6631237133","https://openalex.org/W6632678946","https://openalex.org/W6634793266","https://openalex.org/W6636868823","https://openalex.org/W6638192559","https://openalex.org/W6638920519","https://openalex.org/W6678168664","https://openalex.org/W6693277972","https://openalex.org/W6726590716","https://openalex.org/W6738181829","https://openalex.org/W6743187627","https://openalex.org/W6753751735","https://openalex.org/W6772595030"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2360429410","https://openalex.org/W2204131204","https://openalex.org/W2383770723","https://openalex.org/W2898696280","https://openalex.org/W2958385475","https://openalex.org/W2921433547","https://openalex.org/W4377970398","https://openalex.org/W2185673024","https://openalex.org/W1484565796","https://openalex.org/W3026018975"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mining":[0],"pools":[1,36,65,145,224],"have":[2,47,76],"become":[3],"dominant":[4],"in":[5,100,114,131,198,229],"today's":[6],"bitcoin":[7,232],"mining":[8,22,35,64,89,132,144,223],"network,":[9],"where":[10],"miners":[11],"can":[12],"pool":[13,133],"their":[14],"powers":[15],"together":[16,205],"for":[17,62,124,222],"reduced":[18],"variance":[19],"of":[20,26,34,57,110],"block":[21],"and":[23,70,91,96,123,175,212,227],"steadier":[24],"stream":[25],"potential":[27],"income.":[28],"Along":[29],"with":[30,206],"the":[31,38,50,58,68,86,93,108,125,129,140,161,168,182,186,196,199,230],"continuous":[32],"evolvement":[33],"are":[37,215],"increasingly":[39],"intense":[40],"competitions":[41],"among":[42,143],"them.":[43],"Recent":[44],"empirical":[45],"studies":[46],"shown":[48],"that":[49,166,181],"distributed":[51],"denial-of-service":[52],"(DDoS)":[53],"attack":[54],"is":[55],"one":[56],"most":[59],"common":[60],"ways":[61],"competing":[63],"to":[66,84,159,217,225],"sabotage":[67],"rivals":[69],"earn":[71],"illegitimate":[72],"rewards.":[73],"Existing":[74],"efforts":[75],"been":[77],"made":[78],"on":[79],"using":[80],"static":[81,103],"game":[82,210],"models":[83],"analyze":[85],"interactions":[87],"between":[88],"pools,":[90],"derive":[92],"Nash":[94,156],"Equilibrium":[95],"optimal":[97,163],"attacking":[98,164],"strategies":[99],"a":[101,119,147],"one-time":[102],"context.":[104],"To":[105],"better":[106],"understand":[107],"impact":[109],"such":[111],"DDoS":[112],"attacks,":[113],"this":[115],"paper,":[116],"we":[117,136,152],"take":[118],"starkly":[120],"different":[121],"approach,":[122],"first":[126],"time":[127,201],"address":[128],"dynamics":[130],"attacks.":[134],"Specifically,":[135],"start":[137],"by":[138],"formulating":[139],"interactive":[141],"competition":[142],"as":[146],"general-sum":[148],"stochastic":[149,209],"game.":[150],"Then":[151],"propose":[153],"an":[154],"efficient":[155],"learning":[157,189,213],"algorithm":[158],"obtain":[160],"near":[162],"strategy":[165,184],"maximizes":[167],"expected":[169,216],"long-term":[170],"utility.":[171],"Our":[172],"theoretical":[173],"analysis":[174],"extensive":[176],"experimental":[177],"results":[178],"both":[179],"show":[180],"proposed":[183,208],"outperforms":[185],"baseline":[187],"myopic":[188],"algorithm,":[190,214],"which":[191],"only":[192],"aims":[193],"at":[194],"maximizing":[195],"revenue":[197],"current":[200],"stage.":[202],"These":[203],"findings,":[204],"our":[207],"model":[211],"provide":[218],"more":[219],"practical":[220],"guidelines":[221],"survive":[226],"thrive":[228],"highly-competitive":[231],"ecosystem.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}