{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2970871177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2019.2926320","title":"In Content We Trust: Network-Layer Trust in Content-Centric Networking","display_name":"In Content We Trust: Network-Layer Trust in Content-Centric Networking","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2970871177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2019.2926320","mag":"2970871177"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnet.2019.2926320","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2019.2926320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62238642","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"1063-6692","issn":["1063-6692","1558-2566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040277386","display_name":"Cesar Ghali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5312-7385"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cesar Ghali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google LLC, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google LLC, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009882362","display_name":"Gene Tsudik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8467-8614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gene Tsudik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007398036","display_name":"Ersin Uzun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173498003","display_name":"Palo Alto Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0529fxt39","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173498003","https://openalex.org/I4210132870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ersin Uzun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xerox PARC, Palo Alto, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xerox PARC, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173498003"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040277386"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7684,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86400261,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"5","first_page":"1787","last_page":"1800"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9847000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9793000221252441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8558303117752075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content-centric-networking","display_name":"Content centric networking","score":0.6641638875007629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6025981903076172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5247259736061096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4973199665546417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content-management","display_name":"Content management","score":0.4733058512210846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.44349661469459534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.42992573976516724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.28488889336586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.2581316828727722}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8558303117752075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779649860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18206174","display_name":"Content centric networking","level":3,"score":0.6641638875007629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6025981903076172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5247259736061096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4973199665546417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33039251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173373","display_name":"Content management","level":2,"score":0.4733058512210846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.44349661469459534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.42992573976516724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.28488889336586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.2581316828727722}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnet.2019.2926320","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2019.2926320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62238642","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"1063-6692","issn":["1063-6692","1558-2566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G574741099","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS1040802","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1488072645","https://openalex.org/W1531139788","https://openalex.org/W1605816851","https://openalex.org/W1862105587","https://openalex.org/W1918162579","https://openalex.org/W1927311981","https://openalex.org/W1966271560","https://openalex.org/W1970147427","https://openalex.org/W1974123199","https://openalex.org/W1986481844","https://openalex.org/W2014952121","https://openalex.org/W2018793106","https://openalex.org/W2035443586","https://openalex.org/W2042539274","https://openalex.org/W2050067204","https://openalex.org/W2067764978","https://openalex.org/W2068860357","https://openalex.org/W2104112849","https://openalex.org/W2105040129","https://openalex.org/W2106178546","https://openalex.org/W2107081940","https://openalex.org/W2109983959","https://openalex.org/W2110769762","https://openalex.org/W2112235623","https://openalex.org/W2114486337","https://openalex.org/W2122516858","https://openalex.org/W2133961349","https://openalex.org/W2143351500","https://openalex.org/W2148989638","https://openalex.org/W2155527034","https://openalex.org/W2156104365","https://openalex.org/W2159587870","https://openalex.org/W2167370920","https://openalex.org/W2168903090","https://openalex.org/W2170496240","https://openalex.org/W2172153090","https://openalex.org/W2327226400","https://openalex.org/W2576718550","https://openalex.org/W2739053192","https://openalex.org/W2752885492","https://openalex.org/W2756111284","https://openalex.org/W2962973644","https://openalex.org/W3101127592","https://openalex.org/W3125100762","https://openalex.org/W3145128584","https://openalex.org/W4213362721","https://openalex.org/W4240755715","https://openalex.org/W4241423304","https://openalex.org/W4248223175","https://openalex.org/W4300349690","https://openalex.org/W6629472311","https://openalex.org/W6631441690","https://openalex.org/W6671597114"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1660450803","https://openalex.org/W2065457896","https://openalex.org/W3173234801","https://openalex.org/W2167984027","https://openalex.org/W2169456076","https://openalex.org/W2035756161","https://openalex.org/W3106792976","https://openalex.org/W1978856808","https://openalex.org/W2007272318","https://openalex.org/W2218342832"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Content-Centric":[0],"Networking":[1],"(CCN),":[2],"an":[3],"instance":[4],"of":[5,48,116,152,164,194,203],"information-centric":[6],"networking,":[7],"is":[8,167],"a":[9,39,170],"candidate":[10],"next-generation":[11],"Internet":[12],"architecture":[13],"that":[14,54,64,161,182],"emphasizes":[15],"on":[16,198],"content":[17,29,41,60,66,86,129,144,154,165,190],"distribution":[18,42],"by":[19,72],"making":[20],"it":[21],"directly":[22],"addressable":[23],"and":[24,43,51,79,108,113,157,180,201],"routable.":[25],"By":[26],"opportunistically":[27],"caching":[28],"within":[30],"the":[31,46,85,128,139,142,149,153,159,199,206],"network,":[32,207],"CCN":[33,62],"appears":[34],"to":[35,103,126,185],"be":[36,69],"well-suited":[37],"for":[38,44,98,141],"large-scale":[40],"meeting":[45],"needs":[47],"increasingly":[49],"mobile":[50],"bandwidth-hungry":[52],"applications":[53],"dominate":[55],"today's":[56],"Internet.":[57],"To":[58],"provide":[59],"authentication,":[61],"dictates":[63],"each":[65,195],"object":[67],"must":[68],"digitally":[70],"signed":[71],"its":[73],"respective":[74],"producer.":[75],"All":[76],"entities":[77],"(consumers":[78],"routers)":[80],"must,":[81],"in":[82,92,136,205],"principle,":[83],"verify":[84,127],"signature":[87,104,133],"before":[88],"processing":[89],"it.":[90],"However,":[91],"practice,":[93],"this":[94],"poses":[95],"two":[96,177],"challenges":[97],"routers:":[99],"(1)":[100],"overhead":[101],"due":[102],"verification,":[105],"key":[106],"retrieval,":[107],"potential":[109],"certificate":[110],"chain":[111],"traversal;":[112],"(2)":[114],"lack":[115],"trust":[117,172],"context,":[118],"i.e.,":[119],"determining":[120],"which":[121],"public":[122],"keys":[123],"are":[124],"trusted":[125],"signature.":[130],"This":[131],"renders":[132],"verification":[134],"impractical":[135],"routers,":[137],"opening":[138],"door":[140],"so-called":[143],"poisoning":[145,155,166],"attacks.":[146],"We":[147,175],"study":[148],"root":[150],"causes":[151],"attacks":[156],"reach":[158],"conclusion":[160],"meaningful":[162],"mitigation":[163],"contingent":[168],"upon":[169],"network-layer":[171],"management":[173],"architecture.":[174],"propose":[176],"approaches:":[178],"deterministic":[179],"probabilistic,":[181],"allow":[183],"routers":[184,204],"detect":[186],"fake":[187],"(aka":[188],"\u201cpoisoned\u201d)":[189],"objects.":[191],"The":[192],"usages":[193],"approach":[196],"depend":[197],"location":[200],"role":[202],"as":[208,210],"well":[209],"their":[211],"computational":[212],"capabilities.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}