{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2887280345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2018.2856197","title":"Low-Power Wide-Area Network Over White Spaces","display_name":"Low-Power Wide-Area Network Over White Spaces","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2887280345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2018.2856197","mag":"2887280345"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnet.2018.2856197","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2018.2856197","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62238642","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"1063-6692","issn":["1063-6692","1558-2566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/82897/4/1122648440.2022.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016200671","display_name":"Abusayeed Saifullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7922-0836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185443292","display_name":"Wayne State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01070mq45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abusayeed Saifullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7922-0836","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021382142","display_name":"M. Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2353-6687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185443292","display_name":"Wayne State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01070mq45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahbubur Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2353-6687","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052679992","display_name":"Dali Ismail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1067-0986"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185443292","display_name":"Wayne State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01070mq45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dali Ismail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034805517","display_name":"Chenyang Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1709-6769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenyang Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1709-6769","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100454005","display_name":"Jie Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6209-6886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112443217","display_name":"Ranveer Chandra","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ranveer Chandra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8709,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91418248,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"4","first_page":"1893","last_page":"1906"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8237675428390503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6474876403808594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-spaces","display_name":"White spaces","score":0.6332818269729614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lpwan","display_name":"LPWAN","score":0.6327561140060425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.626646876335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.567078709602356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5122577548027039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.484870046377182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4048353135585785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.34666678309440613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wide-area-network","display_name":"Wide area network","score":0.24545469880104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19438186287879944}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8237675428390503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6474876403808594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96391052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256313","display_name":"White spaces","level":4,"score":0.6332818269729614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20706829","display_name":"LPWAN","level":3,"score":0.6327561140060425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.626646876335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.567078709602356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5122577548027039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.484870046377182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4048353135585785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.34666678309440613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776238582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11384","display_name":"Wide area network","level":2,"score":0.24545469880104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19438186287879944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnet.2018.2856197","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2018.2856197","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62238642","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"1063-6692","issn":["1063-6692","1558-2566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/82897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/82897","pdf_url":"https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/82897/4/1122648440.2022.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"reponame:Repositorio UN","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/82897","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/82897","pdf_url":"https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/82897/4/1122648440.2022.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"reponame:Repositorio UN","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2225374208","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1320921 (NeTS)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5749703242","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1646579 (CPS)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7077590904","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CRII-1565751 (NeTS)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2887280345.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W69612612","https://openalex.org/W1526368324","https://openalex.org/W1969280328","https://openalex.org/W1973764768","https://openalex.org/W2006805041","https://openalex.org/W2013157341","https://openalex.org/W2085935391","https://openalex.org/W2100183117","https://openalex.org/W2105749254","https://openalex.org/W2125562505","https://openalex.org/W2133920396","https://openalex.org/W2145732734","https://openalex.org/W2150957281","https://openalex.org/W2153707811","https://openalex.org/W2163592558","https://openalex.org/W2171031315","https://openalex.org/W2337595363","https://openalex.org/W2499400668","https://openalex.org/W2546932245","https://openalex.org/W2605165679","https://openalex.org/W2624810752","https://openalex.org/W2727806986","https://openalex.org/W2753903865","https://openalex.org/W2794022528","https://openalex.org/W3145024392","https://openalex.org/W4238545943","https://openalex.org/W6681519546","https://openalex.org/W6736163905"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2888892063","https://openalex.org/W1994734174","https://openalex.org/W2054318779","https://openalex.org/W4205953908","https://openalex.org/W2229545378","https://openalex.org/W2111066923","https://openalex.org/W4385795908","https://openalex.org/W2185800257","https://openalex.org/W2091417597","https://openalex.org/W2106452624"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,29,68,75,83,94,120,188,208],"key":[2],"technology":[3],"driving":[4],"the":[5,15,40,47,90,114,133,138,157,160,167,201,205],"Internet-of-Things,":[6],"low-power":[7],"wide-area":[8],"networks":[9],"(LPWANs)":[10],"are":[11],"evolving":[12],"to":[13,98,102,108],"overcome":[14],"range":[16],"limits":[17],"and":[18,60,67,106,142,146,191,211,220],"scalability":[19,206],"challenges":[20],"in":[21,162,169,181,215],"traditional":[22],"wireless":[23],"sensor":[24,115,209],"networks.":[25],"This":[26,71],"paper":[27],"proposes":[28],"new":[30,84],"LPWAN":[31,51],"architecture":[32],"calledsensor":[33],"network":[34,210],"over":[35,52],"white":[36,42,54],"spaces":[37,55],"(SNOW)by":[38],"exploiting":[39,137],"TV":[41,53],"spaces.":[43],"The":[44,80],"SNOW":[45,81,168,202],"is":[46,72],"first":[48],"highly":[49],"scalable":[50],"that":[56,88,200],"enable":[57],"asynchronous,":[58],"bi-directional,":[59],"massively":[61],"concurrent":[62,110],"communication":[63],"between":[64],"numerous":[65],"sensors":[66],"base":[69,91],"station.":[70],"achieved":[73],"through":[74,179],"set":[76],"of":[77,132,159,207,217],"novel":[78],"techniques.":[79],"has":[82,119],"OFDM-based":[85],"physical":[86],"layer":[87],"allows":[89],"station":[92],"using":[93,172],"single":[95],"antenna-radio:":[96],"1)":[97,127],"send":[99],"different":[100,103],"data":[101],"nodes":[104,116,161],"concurrently":[105],"2)":[107,143],"receive":[109],"transmissions":[111,135],"made":[112],"by":[113,136],"asynchronously.":[117,164],"It":[118],"lightweight":[121],"media":[122],"access":[123],"control":[124],"protocol":[125],"that:":[126],"efficiently":[128],"implements":[129],"per-transmission":[130],"acknowledgments":[131],"asynchronous":[134],"adopted":[139],"OFDM":[140],"design":[141],"combines":[144],"CSMA/CA":[145],"location-aware":[147],"spectrum":[148],"allocation":[149],"for":[150],"mitigating":[151],"hidden":[152],"terminal":[153],"effects,":[154],"thus":[155],"enhancing":[156],"flexibility":[158],"transmitting":[163],"We":[165],"implement":[166],"GNU":[170],"radio":[171,175,183],"universal":[173],"software":[174],"peripheral":[176],"devices.":[177],"Experiments":[178],"deployments":[180],"three":[182],"environments\u2014a":[184],"large":[185],"metropolitan":[186],"city,":[187],"rural":[189],"area,":[190],"an":[192],"indoor":[193],"environment\u2014as":[194],"well":[195],"as":[196],"large-scale":[197],"simulations":[198],"demonstrated":[199],"drastically":[203],"enhances":[204],"outperforms":[212],"existing":[213],"techniques":[214],"terms":[216],"scalability,":[218],"energy,":[219],"latency.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}