{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2775458973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2017.2774275","title":"Using Adaptive Heartbeat Rate on Long-Lived TCP Connections","display_name":"Using Adaptive Heartbeat Rate on Long-Lived TCP Connections","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2775458973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2017.2774275","mag":"2775458973"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnet.2017.2774275","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2017.2774275","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62238642","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"1063-6692","issn":["1063-6692","1558-2566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100733249","display_name":"Mohammad Saifur Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9887-4456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183697816","display_name":"Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05a1qpv97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Saifur Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9887-4456","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008222662","display_name":"Md Yusuf Sarwar Uddin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2184-0140"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183697816","display_name":"Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05a1qpv97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Yusuf Sarwar Uddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069644647","display_name":"Tahmid Hasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2748-5098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183697816","display_name":"Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05a1qpv97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tahmid Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2748-5098","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029174615","display_name":"M. Sohel Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9419-6478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183697816","display_name":"Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05a1qpv97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Sohel Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9419-6478","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076413241","display_name":"M. Kaykobad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0485-5041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183697816","display_name":"Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05a1qpv97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Kaykobad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183697816"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1961,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65976458,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"1","first_page":"203","last_page":"216"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timeout","display_name":"Timeout","score":0.8656095266342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8376052975654602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heartbeat","display_name":"Heartbeat","score":0.7442352175712585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.6727009415626526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6494134068489075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/header","display_name":"Header","score":0.45421138405799866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.45365065336227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3586265742778778}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31691690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753979","display_name":"Timeout","level":2,"score":0.8656095266342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8376052975654602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13852961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17021880","display_name":"Heartbeat","level":2,"score":0.7442352175712585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.6727009415626526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6494134068489075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48105269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141160","display_name":"Header","level":2,"score":0.45421138405799866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.45365065336227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3586265742778778}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnet.2017.2774275","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2017.2774275","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62238642","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"1063-6692","issn":["1063-6692","1558-2566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483253792","https://openalex.org/W1517835261","https://openalex.org/W1552614447","https://openalex.org/W1590810061","https://openalex.org/W1923332504","https://openalex.org/W1957503394","https://openalex.org/W1998431265","https://openalex.org/W2049577911","https://openalex.org/W2096615321","https://openalex.org/W2101738043","https://openalex.org/W2105630003","https://openalex.org/W2122711334","https://openalex.org/W2127975261","https://openalex.org/W2131493006","https://openalex.org/W2139374650","https://openalex.org/W2141762756","https://openalex.org/W2142972529","https://openalex.org/W2262944025","https://openalex.org/W2266218113","https://openalex.org/W2273409753","https://openalex.org/W2290756103","https://openalex.org/W2293529464","https://openalex.org/W2997947960","https://openalex.org/W3012228155","https://openalex.org/W3162917905","https://openalex.org/W4210531213","https://openalex.org/W4229511665","https://openalex.org/W4241535787","https://openalex.org/W6675019728","https://openalex.org/W7051885717"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W819137427","https://openalex.org/W2030866521","https://openalex.org/W1977274150","https://openalex.org/W2001549683","https://openalex.org/W2046311638","https://openalex.org/W2533350924","https://openalex.org/W2120177257","https://openalex.org/W2060012625","https://openalex.org/W2354837638","https://openalex.org/W1980609608"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,221],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,223],"propose":[4,152],"techniques":[5,214],"for":[6,64],"dynamically":[7,216],"adjusting":[8],"heartbeat":[9,141],"or":[10],"keep-alive":[11,91,106,183,218],"interval":[12,184],"of":[13,48,77,125,155,174,196,202,241],"long-lived":[14],"TCP":[15],"connections,":[16],"particularly":[17],"the":[18,41,78,82,85,94,105,113,118,129,140,167,178,182,187,200,207,239,242],"ones":[19],"that":[20,165,210],"are":[21],"used":[22,143,185],"in":[23,27,136,144,177,226],"push":[24],"notification":[25],"service":[26],"mobile":[28],"platforms.":[29],"When":[30,58],"a":[31,35,60,65,153,232],"device":[32,87],"connects":[33],"to":[34,74,89,122,215,237],"server":[36],"using":[37],"TCP,":[38],"often":[39],"times":[40],"connection":[42,61,83,95],"is":[43,62,98,206],"established":[44],"through":[45,93],"some":[46],"sort":[47],"middle-box,":[49],"such":[50,59],"as":[51,228,230],"NAT,":[52],"proxy,":[53],"firewall,":[54],"and":[55,162,176],"so":[56],"on.":[57],"idle":[63],"long":[66],"time,":[67],"it":[68,97],"may":[69],"get":[70],"torn":[71],"down":[72],"due":[73],"binding":[75,119,130,169],"timeout":[76,131,170],"middle-box.":[79],"To":[80,101,199,220],"keep":[81],"alive,":[84],"client":[86,188],"needs":[88],"send":[90],"packets":[92],"when":[96],"otherwise":[99],"idle.":[100],"reduce":[102],"resource":[103],"consumption,":[104],"packet":[107],"should":[108,147],"preferably":[109],"be":[110,134,148],"sent":[111],"at":[112],"farthest":[114],"possible":[115],"time":[116],"within":[117],"timeout.":[120],"Due":[121],"varied":[123],"settings":[124],"different":[126,137,145],"network":[127],"equipments,":[128],"will":[132],"not":[133],"identical":[135],"networks.":[138],"Hence,":[139],"rate":[142],"networks":[146],"changed":[149],"dynamically.":[150],"We":[151,190],"set":[154],"iterative":[156],"probing":[157],"techniques,":[158],"namely":[159],"binary,":[160],"exponential,":[161],"composite":[163],"search,":[164],"detect":[166],"middle-box":[168],"with":[171],"varying":[172],"degree":[173],"accuracy;":[175],"process,":[179],"keeps":[180],"improving":[181],"by":[186],"device.":[189],"also":[191],"analytically":[192],"derive":[193],"performance":[194],"bounds":[195],"these":[197],"techniques.":[198],"best":[201],"our":[203],"knowledge,":[204],"ours":[205],"first":[208],"work":[209],"systematically":[211],"studies":[212],"several":[213],"improve":[217],"interval.":[219],"end,":[222],"run":[224],"experiments":[225],"simulation":[227],"well":[229],"make":[231],"real":[233],"implementation":[234],"on":[235],"android":[236],"demonstrate":[238],"proof-of-concept":[240],"proposed":[243],"schemes.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}