{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2168947441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2014.2323128","title":"A Novel Methodology to Address the Internet AS-Level Data Incompleteness","display_name":"A Novel Methodology to Address the Internet AS-Level Data Incompleteness","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-05-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2168947441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2014.2323128","mag":"2168947441"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnet.2014.2323128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2014.2323128","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2014.2323128","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62238642","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"1063-6692","issn":["1063-6692","1558-2566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077374253","display_name":"Enrico Gregori","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130157","display_name":"Institute of Informatics and Telematics","ror":"https://ror.org/02gdcn153","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130157","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrico Gregori","raw_affiliation_strings":["IIT-CNR, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IIT-CNR, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064609429","display_name":"Alessandro Improta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5444-9020","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5444-9020"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130157","display_name":"Institute of Informatics and Telematics","ror":"https://ror.org/02gdcn153","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130157","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Improta","raw_affiliation_strings":["IIT-CNR, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IIT-CNR, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111512815","display_name":"Luciano Lenzini","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luciano Lenzini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046629015","display_name":"Lorenzo A. Rossi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0689-9024","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0689-9024"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130157","display_name":"Institute of Informatics and Telematics","ror":"https://ror.org/02gdcn153","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130157","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorenzo Rossi","raw_affiliation_strings":["IIT-CNR, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IIT-CNR, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130157"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Luca Sani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130157","display_name":"Institute of Informatics and Telematics","ror":"https://ror.org/02gdcn153","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130157","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Sani","raw_affiliation_strings":["IIT-CNR, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IIT-CNR, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130157"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2495,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2495},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0579,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92503049,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"4","first_page":"1314","last_page":"1327"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.9208999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.9208999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.04100000113248825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10742","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies","score":0.008999999612569809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coverage-enhancement","display_name":"coverage enhancement","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology-inference","display_name":"topology inference","score":0.39399999380111694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8336030840873718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.7955158948898315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178086212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11155","display_name":"Border Gateway Protocol","level":5,"score":0.7593135833740234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.6450281739234924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.611068069934845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.5732501149177551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99237066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092610","display_name":"Internet topology","level":3,"score":0.5628655552864075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.49496811628341675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101396714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3021187","display_name":"Default-free zone","level":5,"score":0.4911935031414032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.46154409646987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9628104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788009","display_name":"Autonomous system (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4237155616283417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3679591417312622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3407006561756134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.33764123916625977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.2900438606739044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.20676028728485107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.18057850003242493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.16057994961738586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13746652007102966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.12458449602127075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184896649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290066","display_name":"Routing table","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47318570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8026863","display_name":"Wireless Routing Protocol","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnet.2014.2323128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2014.2323128","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnet.2014.2323128","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62238642","display_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","issn_l":"1063-6692","issn":["1063-6692","1558-2566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5378999710083008}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6299999952316284}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W73629738","https://openalex.org/W1489167937","https://openalex.org/W1514211162","https://openalex.org/W1553890664","https://openalex.org/W1583477060","https://openalex.org/W1593916827","https://openalex.org/W1931041121","https://openalex.org/W1967269694","https://openalex.org/W1983787935","https://openalex.org/W1989785271","https://openalex.org/W1990313671","https://openalex.org/W2011039300","https://openalex.org/W2015754215","https://openalex.org/W2018094844","https://openalex.org/W2040534455","https://openalex.org/W2044744030","https://openalex.org/W2050353626","https://openalex.org/W2068288121","https://openalex.org/W2081518064","https://openalex.org/W2082448265","https://openalex.org/W2090595263","https://openalex.org/W2092233407","https://openalex.org/W2103117727","https://openalex.org/W2104471584","https://openalex.org/W2120511087","https://openalex.org/W2120514843","https://openalex.org/W2123649205","https://openalex.org/W2140817189","https://openalex.org/W2145721479","https://openalex.org/W2151972741","https://openalex.org/W2164511281","https://openalex.org/W2165282109","https://openalex.org/W2165743744","https://openalex.org/W2170888255","https://openalex.org/W2187805761","https://openalex.org/W2295430786","https://openalex.org/W2329329248","https://openalex.org/W2332863838","https://openalex.org/W2752885492","https://openalex.org/W3145128584","https://openalex.org/W4231510479","https://openalex.org/W4236842166","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4292414168","https://openalex.org/W4300490703","https://openalex.org/W6633324413"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2092976840","https://openalex.org/W2151972741","https://openalex.org/W2393962653","https://openalex.org/W2007000223","https://openalex.org/W3202068393","https://openalex.org/W2536809794","https://openalex.org/W649884950","https://openalex.org/W1989785271","https://openalex.org/W4246129013","https://openalex.org/W2012296883"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,8,28,34,43,61,70,81,89,126,175,184,187,194,227],"last":[2],"decade,":[3],"many":[4],"studies":[5],"have":[6],"used":[7,40],"Internet":[9,82,135],"autonomous":[10],"system":[11],"(AS)-level":[12],"topology":[13,137],"to":[14,23,41,88,98,132,141,152,158,180,200,210,221],"perform":[15],"several":[16],"analyses,":[17],"from":[18,47],"discovering":[19],"its":[20,25],"graph":[21],"properties":[22],"assessing":[24],"impact":[26],"on":[27,114],"effectiveness":[29],"of":[30,72,80,92,129,149,167,183,186,226],"worm-containment":[31],"strategies.":[32],"Yet,":[33],"Border":[35],"Gateway":[36],"Protocol":[37],"(BGP)":[38],"data":[39,57],"reveal":[42],"topologies":[44],"are":[45,83,197],"far":[46],"complete.":[48],"Our":[49],"contribution":[50],"is":[51,121,139,156,208],"threefold.":[52],"First,":[53],"we":[54,109,173],"analyze":[55],"BGP":[56,99],"currently":[58],"gathered":[59],"by":[60],"most":[62],"famous":[63],"route":[64,93,195,213],"collector":[65,94,214],"projects,":[66],"highlighting":[67,204],"and":[68,96,105,143],"explaining":[69],"causes":[71],"their":[73],"incompleteness.":[74],"We":[75,191],"found":[76,179,192],"that":[77,138,154,177,193,205,216],"large":[78],"areas":[79],"not":[84],"properly":[85],"captured":[86],"due":[87,97],"geographical":[90],"location":[91],"feeders":[95],"filters,":[100],"such":[101],"as":[102],"export":[103],"policies":[104],"decision":[106],"processes.":[107],"Second,":[108],"propose":[110],"a":[111,115,146,164,212,223],"methodology":[112],"based":[113],"new":[116],"metric,":[117],"named":[118],"p2c-distance,":[119],"which":[120],"able":[122,220],"to:":[123],"1)":[124],"identify":[125,145],"minimum":[127],"number":[128,166],"ASs":[130,151,176],"required":[131],"obtain":[133,159],"an":[134],"AS-level":[136],"closer":[140],"reality;":[142],"2)":[144],"ranking":[147],"list":[148],"these":[150,201],"show":[153],"it":[155],"possible":[157],"nonnegligible":[160],"coverage":[161],"improvements":[162],"with":[163],"limited":[165],"appropriately":[168],"chosen":[169],"feeding":[170],"ASs.":[171],"Third,":[172],"characterize":[174],"were":[178],"be":[181,219],"part":[182],"solution":[185],"above":[188],"covering":[189],"problems.":[190],"collectors":[196],"rarely":[198],"connected":[199],"ASs,":[202],"thus":[203],"much":[206],"effort":[207],"needed":[209],"devise":[211],"infrastructure":[215],"ideally":[217],"would":[218],"capture":[222],"complete":[224],"view":[225],"Internet.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}